TUBERCULOSIS Flashcards
What is another name for tuberculosis?
Koch’s infection, Phthis, Phthisis
Tuberculosis is also referred to by these terms.
What are the main species of Mycobacterium associated with tuberculosis?
- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium Africanum
- Mycobacterium Bovis
Mycobacterium Bovis affects humans primarily if they are immunocompromised.
What is the incubation period for tuberculosis?
2-10 weeks
How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?
Droplets and airborne
Transmission occurs in the absence of sunlight due to photosensitivity.
What are the triad of pathognomonic signs for tuberculosis?
- Hemoptysis
- Night Sweats
- Night Fever
These signs are characteristic of tuberculosis.
List additional symptoms of tuberculosis.
- Anorexia
- Cough ≥ 2 weeks
- Chest pain
What diagnostic tests are used for tuberculosis?
- Gene Xpert/ Direct Hemoptysis
- PPD Testing/ Mantoux test/ Tuberculine test
- X-ray
PPD TEST: Exposure of 10mm and above is significant; for immunocompromised individuals, 5mm and above is significant.
What is the nursing responsibility for a patient with hemoptysis?
Rest, NPO for 1 hr, instruct to come back tomorrow
Patients should not cough on the same day to avoid rupture.
What should be done in case of massive hemoptysis?
Refer to the hospital
What is the vaccination used for tuberculosis prevention?
BCG
What are some methods of tuberculosis prevention and control?
- Exposure of articles to direct sunlight
- Use of reusable utensils
What are the side effects of RIPE drugs used in tuberculosis treatment?
- Rifampicin: red to orange secretions
- Isoniazid: Peripheral neuritis; give vitamin B6
- Pyrazinamide: Hyperuricemia; increase OFI
- Ethambutol: optic neuritis (temporary color blindness)
What should be monitored during tuberculosis treatment?
Liver function
What dietary recommendations are suggested for tuberculosis patients?
High protein, High calorie
When should tuberculosis medications be administered?
Before meals
What does TB DOTS stand for?
Direct Observation Treatment Short-course chemotherapy
Cattle TB, affects humans only if immunicompromised
Mycobacterium Bovis
Medication that turns secretions from red to orange color
Rifampicin
What medication given to patients with TB cause peripheral neuritis?
Isoniazid
Why should we give vitamin B6 to patient with TB?
This is given to prevent pyridoxin deficiency and prevent isoniazid induced neuropathy aka peripheral neuritis
Pyrazimamide side effects
Hyperuricemia
Increase OFI
Optic neuritis is caused by which medication given to TB patients?
Ethambutol
Can cause temporary blindness as well
Confirmatory test for TB
Gene Xpert or Direct Sputum Microscopy (DSSM)
Contraindicated to Hemoptysis
Commonly used dx test
X-ray
