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Geohazard > Tsunamis > Flashcards

Tsunamis Flashcards

1
Q

When was the 2004 Indonesian Earthquake and Tsunami, and what magnitude was it?

A

December 24, 2004
magnitude 9.1

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2
Q

2004 Indonesian earthquake generated a _____ that swept across the ____

A

tsunami ; Indian Ocean

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3
Q

What city was the closest to the epicenter of the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?

A

Banda Aceh

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4
Q

a very long-wavelength wave of water that is generated by sudden displacement of the sea floor or disruption of any body of standing water

A

tsunami

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5
Q

what is a tsunami

A

a long-wavelength wave of water generated by sudden displacement of the sea floor and disruption of body of standing water

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6
Q

tsunamis are sometimes called as

A

“seismic sea waves”

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7
Q

t or f: tsunamis occur suddenly, and often without warning

A

T

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8
Q

what are the parts of wave

A

wavelength, wave height, amplitude, wave frequency or period, velocity

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9
Q

it is the distances between wave and crests

A

wavelength

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10
Q

normal ocean waves have about ___ wavelength

A

100m

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11
Q

tsunami waves have about ____ wavelength

A

500 km

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12
Q

t or f: the rate at which wave loses its energy is directly proportional to the wavelength

A

F (inversely proportional)

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13
Q

refers to the vertical distance between the trough and crest of the wave

A

wave height

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14
Q

equals to 1/2 of wavelength

A

wave amplitude

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15
Q

wave amplitude is the height of the wave above the ____

A

still water line

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16
Q

amount of time it takes for one full wavelength to pass a stationary point

A

wave frequency or period

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17
Q

wind generated wave usually have a period of ___

A

5 to 20 seconds

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18
Q

tsunami generated waves have a period of

A

10 minutes to 2 hours

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19
Q

velocities of normal ocean waves are about

A

90 km/hr

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20
Q

velocity of tsunami waves

A

950 km/hr

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21
Q

waves move much more rapidly across

A

ocean basins

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22
Q

formula for velocity of wave

A

velocity = wavelength / period

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23
Q

when the ocean is 6100 m deep, a tsunami will travel at about what velocity?

A

890 km/hr

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24
Q

if the trough of the tsunami reaches the coast first sea level will _____, causing a ______

A

drop ; drawdown

25
Q

if the crest of the tsunami reaches the coast first, sea level will ____, causing a ___

A

rise ; run-up

26
Q

t or f: one coastal area may see no damaging wave activity while in another area destructive waves can be large and violent

A

T

27
Q

tsunamis can be generated by (5 phenomena)

A

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, underwater explosion, and meteorite impact

28
Q

earthquakes can cause tsunami by causing a

A

disturbance of the seafloor

29
Q

controlling factors of earthquake generated tsunami

A

magnitude, type of displacement, epicenter

30
Q

most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes that occur along _____ boundaries along the _____

A

subduction zone boundaries
oceanic trenches

31
Q

how are tsunamis generated in subduction zones

A

colliding plates get stuck
overriding plate gets distorted
plates rupture, releasing earthquakes
ocean floor gets pushed up, displacing large volume of water

32
Q

Indian Ocean Tsunami was along the oceanic trench off the coast of

A

Sumatra, Indonesia

33
Q

when was the alaskan tsunami and what magnitude earthquake was it

A

april 1, 1946
magnitude 7.3

34
Q

Valdivia Earthquake and Tsunami, date and magitude

A

May 22, 1960
magnitude 9.5

35
Q

height and velocity of the three tsunamis that occurred in Chile

A

4.5 m
8 m ; 166 km/hr
11 m; 83 km/hr

36
Q

the Valdivia earthquake was also known as

A

“The great Chilean Earthquake”

37
Q

Good Friday Earthquake in Alaska

A

March 27, 1964
M 9.2

38
Q

displacement of the block in good friday earthquake

A

2.3m vertical

39
Q

Moro Gulf Earthquake, date, magnitude, height of wave

A

August 17, 1976
m 8.1
4.5 m

40
Q

t or f: collapse of volcanoes to form calderas can suddenly displace water, therefore generating earthquakes

A

True

41
Q

Explosive eruptions can rapidly emplace ______ into the water, _____ and ______ produced by eruptions can rapidly move into water

A

pyroclastic flows
landslide
debris avalanche

42
Q

at least how many tsunamis were generated during the Mt. Krakatau Volcanic eruption in 1883

A

three

43
Q

the Krakatau eruption was a _____ type of eruption, generating a ____ height eruption column into the atmosphere

A

Plinian
40 km

44
Q

t or f: a loud explosive blast heard as far away as Australia occurred during Krakatau eruption

A

T

45
Q

_____ fell into Lituya Bay, Alaska in ___ causing a wave with a run-up of about _____ m

A

Debris avalanche
1958
60m

46
Q

about 65 million years ago at the end of the _____ period, apparent impact meteorite occurred in ______

A

Cretaceous
Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

47
Q

the meteorite impact in Yucatan Peninsula produced tsunami that left deposits all along the ________ and the _______

A

Gulf Coast of Mexico ; United States

48
Q

meaning of NOAA

A

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

49
Q

t or f: areas located at great distances from earthquakes that could potentially generate a tsunami usually have PLENTY of time for warnings to be sent and coastal areas evacuated

A

T

50
Q

it is a good example of areas located far from most of the sources of tsunami

A

Hawaii

51
Q

Pacific warning system for areas in the Pacific ocean

A

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center

52
Q

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center consists of networks of ____ and ____ around the ____

A

seismograph stations
tidal stations
Pacific Basin

53
Q

where is the center of PTWC located

A

HAwaii

54
Q

before the Japanese warning system ___ tsunamis killed over 6000 people in Japan. Since the establishment of the warning system ___ tsunami have killed 215

A

14
20

55
Q

meaning of JICA

A

Japan International Cooperation Agency

56
Q

t or f: the upper floors of high, multi-story, REINFORCED concrete hotels can provide refuge if there is no time to quickly move inland to the higher ground

A

T

57
Q

how many philippine tsunami network were detected by JICA

A

32

58
Q

approaching tsunamis are sometimes heralded by ____ or ____ of coastal waters

A

rise
fall

59
Q

nuclear testing by the united states in the ______ in ____ islands in the 1940s and 1950s generated up to ____ high tsunamis

A

bikini atoll
marshall islands
30 m

Geohazard (25 decks)

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