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Geohazard > Flooding - Drainage Basins > Flashcards

Flooding - Drainage Basins Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic role of streams and rivers within the Earth system?

A

drain water off the landscape and transport sediments

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2
Q

how does flood happen?

A

when stream overflow its banks owing to the sheer amount of water flowing from the landscape and into the stream

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3
Q

why is there a tendency of large number of people and buildings to be at risk of flooding?

A

1.) humans concentrate their settlements along waterways
2.) relatively frequent nature of flooding

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4
Q

these tend to cause increased development in area that previously had been avoided due to frequent flooding

A

use of engineering controls

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4
Q

these tend to cause increased development in area that previously had been avoided due to frequent flooding

A

use of engineering controls

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5
Q

formula for discharge

A

volume (ft^3) / time (s)

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6
Q

how do you get the volume of a discharge?

A

multiply cross sectional area of the stream to its average velocity

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7
Q

how do you get cross sectional area of a stream?

A

length x average depth

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8
Q

how do you get average velocity of a stream?

A

using an empty plastic bottle, timer, and a measuring tape

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9
Q

the velocity of a stream is greater along the _______ because it has ________ friction

A

center ; lesser

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10
Q

described as the volume of water moving through a channel over a given time interval

A

stream discharge

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11
Q

a process where water flows through stream channels

A

runoff

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12
Q

precipitation reaching the land surface moves downslope in thin sheets

A

overland flow

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13
Q

these allows water to return back to the atmosphere

A

evaporation and plant transpiration

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14
Q

discharge of groundwater into the surface environment

A

groundwater baseflow

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15
Q

the volume of water moving through a channel

A

stream discharge

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16
Q

t or f: frequency of flood increases due to climate change

A

t

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17
Q

provide information about a river or a stream by simply plotting the discharge versus time

A

stream hydrographs

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18
Q

stream hydrographs is a function of:

A

discharge and time

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19
Q

the amount of time for water to move across the landscape and into channels

A

lag time

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20
Q

lag time is a function of

A

distance between where the rain is falling to the particular channel where discharge is being measured

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21
Q

this allows streams in man areas to have a continuous input of groundwater at some minimum level

A

baseflow conditions

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22
Q

keeps streams from going dry between rain events, thus is critical in maintaining the health of stream ecosystems

A

groundwater baseflow into streams

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23
Q

___________ allows more water to infiltrate to the water table which causes the water table in _______to be higher than the ________, thereby forcing groundwater to flow into streams, this is referred to as ___________-

A

high precipitation ; humid regions; stream channels; gaining streams

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24
Q

are a result of less deep infiltration in arid areas resulting in water table that is below the level of most stream channels

A

losing streams

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25
Q

useful tool in analyzing how stream discharge changes over time

A

stream hydrographs

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26
Q

a network of stream channels where merging tributaries form progressively larger streams

A

drainage system

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27
Q

smaller of any two merging channels

A

tributary

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28
Q

larger stream that serves as the principal channel within a drainage system

A

river

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29
Q

the upper portion of the drainage system

A

headwaters

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30
Q

found in the lower part of the system where a river empties into an ocean, lake or another river

A

mouth

31
Q

t or f: headwater streams are generally small and relatively fast moving

A

t

32
Q

headwater streams occupy ______ ; the mouth have gently flowing river that occupy ________

A

narrow valleys ; wider valleys

33
Q

individual systems are separated by one another by a

A

drainage divide

34
Q

a drainage divide is a

A

topographic high or crest in the landscape ; ridge

35
Q

useful for mapping what hydrogeologist call the drainage basin

A

drainage divides

36
Q

represents the land area that collects water for an individual stream or river

A

watershed or drainage basin

37
Q

t or f: rainfall can cause flooding in one basin but have yet no impact on stream discharge in adjoining basin

A

t

38
Q

t or f: as streams go downhill, they merge and form progressively larger streams and rivers

A

t

39
Q

the high ground separating different drainage networks

A

drainage basin

40
Q

top ten largest rivers in the world based on discharge

A
  1. Amazon
  2. Congo
  3. Ganges
  4. Yangtze
  5. Orinoco
  6. Parana
  7. Yenisey
  8. Mississippi
  9. Lena
  10. Mekong
41
Q

what continent has the most number of largest rivers?

A

Asia

42
Q

an area on a map outlined by a divide is known as

A

drainage basin

43
Q

t or f: a drainage basin can be large or small

A

t

44
Q

two major river basin in mindanao:

A

1.) Mindanao River Basin
2.) Agusan River Basin

45
Q

provinces that the mindanao river basin covers

A

Bukidnon, Maguindanao, North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat

46
Q

regions that the mindanao river basin covers

A

X , XII, ARMM

47
Q

cities that mindanao river basin covers

A

Cotabato City, Korondal

48
Q

total land area of mindanao river basin

A

21,503 km^2

49
Q

second largest river basin in the Philippines

A

Mindanao River Basin

50
Q

largest river basin in the Philippines

A

Cagayan River Basin

51
Q

total land area of Cagayan River Basin

A

27,493.49 km^2

52
Q

a stream flowing away from the mainstream due to sediment influx

A

distributary

53
Q

any smaller stream that feed larges streams within a drainage basin

A

tributaries

54
Q

a method of classifying or ordering the hierarchy of natural channels

A

Strahler Stream Order

55
Q

stream order is regionally controlled by

A

topography and geology

56
Q

t or f: a high number of strahler stream order means the stream is larger

A

t

57
Q

reflects the downstream trade off between discharge and slope in setting transport capacity

A

Stream Longitudinal Profile

58
Q

the ability of a stream to move sediment and incise rocks

A

sediment transport capacity

59
Q

t or f: steep gradient and changes in slope results in high flow velocity thus, high transport capacity

A

t

60
Q

variables of a stream longitudinal profile

A

elevation and river length

61
Q

the level below which a river or stream cannot incise or erode

A

base level

62
Q

the level where the velocity and eroding power of the water is temporarily lost, it lies in topographic laws that are relatively still elevated

A

local base level

63
Q

examples of local base levels

A

marshes, swamps, lake, dam, watefalls

64
Q

this is the ultimate (absolute) base level for most streams

A

global sea level

65
Q

quantity of average sea level rise in the Philippines

A

3 to 4 mm/yr

66
Q

quantity of average sea level rise in Davao

A

2 to 3 mm/yr

67
Q

t or f: absolute sea level is zero meters above sea level

A

t

68
Q

this is defined as total stream channel length divided by the area of the drainage basin

A

drainage density

69
Q

a stream longitudinal profile can be generated in GIS through:

A

DEM and line feature

70
Q

what does a small break value in delineating drainage system in GIS mean?

A

high channel length, more stream features delineated

71
Q

drainage density is approximately equals the inverse of the

A

source basin length

72
Q

________ tends to be highly dissected and thus have a high drainage density

A

steep terrains

73
Q

_________ tends to be less well dissected, with substantial hillslope convexities and low drainage density

A

gentle terrain

74
Q

examples of steep and gentle terrains

A

steep : flanks of volcanoes
gentle: flood areas/ plains

75
Q

what forms braided and anastomosing streams?

A

high sediment influx than surface runoff

Geohazard (25 decks)

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