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ANATOMY > TSP > Flashcards

TSP Flashcards

1
Q

TSP - ROM

A
  • Flexion - 60
  • Extension - 25
  • Lateral flexion - 35
  • Rotation - 50
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2
Q

TSP - MYOTOMES

A
  • Shoulder elevation - C4, XI
  • Deltoid - C5, C6 - axillary
  • Brachioradialis - C5, C6 - radial
  • Biceps - C5, C6 - musculocutaneous
  • Triceps - C6, C7, C8, T1 - radial
  • Wrist extensors - C6, C7, C8 - radial
  • Wrist flexors - C6, C7 - median/ulnar
  • Finger flexors - C7, C8, T1 - ulnar/median
  • Interossei - C7, C8, T1 - ulnar
  • Trunk rotation - T1 - T12
  • Trunk lateral flexion - T1 - T12
  • Trunk flexion/extension - T1 - T12
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3
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - TOS

A
  • THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME - Adson’s test, Roo’s test, Wright’s test
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4
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - NERVE COMPRESSION

A
  • NERVE COMPRESSION - SLR, Slump test, Brudzinski’s test, Passive scapular adduction test
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5
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - TISSUE CONTRACTURE

A
  • TISSUE CONTRACTURE - AROM, PROM, Chest expansion test, Rib motion test
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6
Q

TSP - JOINT TYPE

A
  • Gliding - zygapophyseal, costotransverse, costovertebral, sternocostal
  • Fibrocartilagenous - intervertebral disc joints
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7
Q

TSP - ARTICULAR SURFACES

A
  • Thoracic z-joints are orientated in coronal plane
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8
Q

TSP - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - FLEXION

A
  • FLEXION - rectus abdominis, abdominal obliques
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9
Q

TSP - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - EXTENSION

A
  • EXTENSION - multifidi, erector spinae
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10
Q

TSP - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - LATERAL FLEXION

A
  • LATERAL FLEXION - erector spinal, semispinalis, abdominal obliques, quadratus lumborum
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11
Q

TSP - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - ROTATION

A
  • ROTATION - rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis, erector spinal, internal/external oblique
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12
Q

TSP - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - RIB ELEVATION

A
  • RIB ELEVATION - erector spinae, intercostals, serratus posterior superior and inferior, levator costarum
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13
Q

TSP - RESTING POSITION

A

Mid way between flexion and extension

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14
Q

TSP - CLOSED PACKED POSITION

A

Full extension

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15
Q

TSP - NORMAL END FEEL

A

Tissue stretch

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16
Q

TSP - COUPLED MOTIONS

A

C2 - T5 segments

  • Left lateral flexion coupled with left rotation
  • Right lateral flexion coupled with right rotation

T6 - L5 segments

  • Left lateral flexion coupled with right rotation
  • Right lateral flexion coupled with left rotation
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17
Q

TSP - CONDITIONS - RIB FRACTURE

A

Hx - sharp, local pain following trauma or prolonged cough
S&S - Palpable crepitus, possible oedema and/or discolouration, pain with chest motion
DDx - supraspinatus rupture, impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear

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18
Q

TSP - CONDITIONS - RIB SUBLUXATION

A

Hx - sharp local pain on near spine with inspiration
S&S - palpatory tenderness & local myospasm
DDx - joint play & passive ROM

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19
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - ADAM’S TEST

A
  • Pt standing
  • Examiner observes for rib hump when patient attempts to touch toes
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20
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - ADAM’S TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Scoliosis

  • Abnormal rib hump on one side
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21
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - ADAM’S TEST - SN & SP

A

SN: 92

SP: 60

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22
Q

TSP - ORTHO TESTS - STERNAL COMPRESSION TEST

A
  • Pt supine
  • Examiner applies slow gentle downward force on the sternum and observes pt for signs of discomfort
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23
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - STERNAL COMPRESSION TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Rib fracture

  • Lateral rib border pain

Costochondritis

  • Costosternal junction pain
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24
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - KEMP’S TEST

A
  • Pt seated
  • Examiner stabilises lumbar spine with one hand and supports pt shoulders with the other hand and forearm
  • Pt leans away from examiner (stretch)
  • Pt then flexes forward (stretch)
  • Pt then back into lateral flexion and extension (compression)
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25
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - KEMP’S TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Nerve root compression, radiculopathy

  • Leg pain

Local lesion (sprain/strain, facet syndrome, meniscal entrapment)

  • Local low back pain
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26
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - SLUMP TEST

A
  • Pt seated
  • Pt instructed to slump forward
  • Examiner extends one knee and may apply gentle overpressure
  • This increases spinal flexion
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27
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - SLUMP TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Nerve root tension (shooting or electrical pain) radiculopathy, disc herniation, SOL, osteophyte

  • Reproduction of symptoms
  • Leg pain

Lumbosacral sprain

  • Local lumbosacral pain
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28
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - SLUMP TEST - SN & SP

A

SN: 83

SP: 55

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29
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - THORACIC DISTRACTION TEST

A
  • Pt seated
  • Arms crossed over pt front
  • Examiner hugs and lifts pt to distract spine
  • Pt informs examiner of any specific locations of pain or relief of pain
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30
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - THORACIC DISTRACTION TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Muscle, ligament or joint capsule damage

  • Increased local pain

Decreased pressure on nerve roots, IVF encroachment

  • Decreased peripheral pain/numbnessSN: 40-50SP: 80-100
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31
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - ADSON’S TEST

A
  • Pt seated
  • Examiner palpates radial pulse bilaterally
  • Pt is instructed to rotate head toward affected side
  • Repeat looking away from affected side (Reverse Adson’s)
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32
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - ADSON’S TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Neuromuscular compression (TOS) from a cervical rib, scalene muscle brachial compression

  • Decrease/loss of pulse
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33
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - ADSON’S TEST - SN & SP

A

SN: 50

SP: 74-100

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34
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - EDEN’S TEST

A
  • Pt seated
  • Examiner bilaterally palpates radial pulse and pulls pt’s arms into extension
  • Examiner may ask pt to roll shoulders back and take a deep breath and hold
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35
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - EDEN’S TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

Costoclavicular TOS

  • Diminished pulse

Neurologic TOS

  • Arm pain, numbness, tinglingSP: 89-100
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36
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - WRIGHT’S TEST

A
  • Pt seated or supine
  • Examiner palpates radial pulse, then abducts pt arm above head
  • Repeat onn opposite side (variation of test can be done by horizontally abducting the arm at 90)
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37
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - WRIGHT’S TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

TOS secondary to compression under pectoralis minor muscle

  • Change in radial pulse or numbness, tingling, weaknessSP: 38-90
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38
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - ROO’S TEST

A
  • Pt seated
  • Shoulders abducted 90, elbows flexed 90
  • Examiner instructs pt to open and close fists 2x a second for 3 mins
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39
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - ROO’S TEST - POSITIVE TEST

A

TOS

  • Inability to maintain action with associated numbness, tingling or weakness
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40
Q

TSP - ORTHO TEST - ROO’S TEST - SN & SP

A

SN: 82

SP: 100

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41
Q

TSP - SCOLIOSIS

A
  • Apparent lateral curvature of the spine
  • Postural – conditions outside of the spine e.g. pelvic tilt or one leg shorter than the other
    Structural – Vertebral rotation. SPs swing round towards the concavity of the curve and the transverse processes on the convexity rotate posteriorly.
    Most cases have no obvious cause, some due to bony anomalies or connective tissue disorders
  • Most commonly begins in young people aged 10-18 - condition of development
  • Degenerative scoliosis - occurs later in life due to weakened structures
  • Idiopathic scoliosis - 80% of all cases, cause unknown - not linked to bad posture, exercise or diet etc
  • A possible obvious spinal deviation from midline, may be more apparent with P in flexion
  • Rib hump in thoracic curves
  • Asymmetrical prominence of one hip
  • Excessive kyphosis or lordosis
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42
Q

TSP - SCOLIOSIS - RISK FACTORS

A
  • the bones in the spine not forming properly in the womb – this is called congenital scoliosis and is present from birth
  • an underlying nerve or muscle condition, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy – this is called neuromuscular scoliosis
  • wear and tear of the spine with age – this is called degenerative scoliosis, which affects older adults
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43
Q

TSP - SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

A
  • Vertebral displacement, forward slip of the vertebra
  • When normal mechanism of laminae and facets constituting a locking mechanism to keep each vertebra from moving forwards from the one below fails
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44
Q

TSP - SPONDYLOLISTHESIS - CAUSES

A
  • Usually always between L4 and 5 or between L5 and the sacrum, due to:
    • Dysplasia of lumbar sacral facet joints – 20% of cases
    • Separation or stress fracture through neural arch – 50%
    • Osteoarthritic degeneration of facet joints causing them to loose normal stability – 25%
    • Destructive conditions such as fracture, tb and neoplasia – 5%
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45
Q

TSP - SPONDYLOLISTHESIS - POPULATION AFFECTED

A
  • Women 3x more likely
  • Dysplastic spondylolisthesis seen in children
  • Lytic spondylolisthesis – most common and seen in adults
  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis – occurs in Ps over 40 with long standing backache due to facet joint arthritis
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46
Q

TSP - SPONDYLOLISTHESIS - CLINICAL PRESENTATION

A
  • Intermittent back ache usual presenting symptom
  • Pain may be worse during exercise
  • A step can often be felt when running fingers down spine
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47
Q

TSP - THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME

A
  • A group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. This can cause shoulder and neck pain and numbness in your fingers. A diagnosis of exclusion
  • Can be arterial, venous or neurogenic.
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48
Q

TSP - INTERCOSTAL NEURALGIA

A
  • Any painful condition of the intercostal nerves
  • Presents as a band like pain wrapping across the chest in the dermatomal distribution.
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49
Q

TSP - TIETZE SYNDROME

A
  • Inflammation of the cartilage of one or more of the upper ribs (costochondral junction), specifically where the ribs attach to the sternum.
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50
Q

TSP - PRECORDICAL CATCH SYNDROME

A
  • Chest pain that occurs when nerves in the front of the chest are squeezed or aggravated.
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51
Q

TSP - HERPES ZOSTER

A
  • Viral infection that occurs with reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (Chicken-pox).
    Shingles
  • Most commonly have a rash in one or two adjacent dermatomes
  • Not usually along P’s midline
  • Painful, itchy, can be described as tingly
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52
Q

TSP - COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT SYNDROME

A
  • Joints between the vertebrae in the upper back and the ribs are called the costovertebral joints
  • Trunk and rib cage are rotated. This can overstretch the structures supporting the joint resulting in a costovertebral joint sprain.
  • Pain made worse by deep breathing, coughing, or rotation movements
  • Aching often felt between shoulder blades, towards one side of the Tspine
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53
Q

TSP - ACUTE PANCREITIS

A
  • Sudden inflammation of the pancreas gland that begins in the cells in the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes.
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54
Q

TSP - POST HERPATIC NEURALGIA

A
  • Pain in a dermatomal distribution which persists for three months or more after either onset or healing of the shingles rash.
  • Caused by herpes zoster-induced peripheral and central neuronal damage
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55
Q

TSP - AROM - FLEXION - MUSCLES ACTIVATED

A

Eccentric contraction of erector spinae

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56
Q

TSP - AROM - FLEXION - TISSUES STRETCHED

A

Erector spinae
Supraspinous & interspinous ligaments
Posterior IVD
Posterior facet joint capsule
Intercostal muscles

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57
Q

TSP - AROM - FLEXION - TISSUES COMPRESSED

A

Anterior thoracic structure
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior IVD
Lungs
Heart
Aorta
Abdominal contents

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58
Q

TSP - AROM - EXTENSION - MUSCLES ACTIVATED

A

Concentric contraction of erector spinae
Eccentric contraction of rectus abdominis and abdominal obliques

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59
Q

TSP - AROM - EXTENSION - TISSUES STRETCHED

A

Rectus abdominis
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Aorta
Lungs
Anterior intercostal muscles

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60
Q

TSP - AROM - EXTENSION - TISSUES COMPRESSED

A

Erector spinae
Supraspinous & interspinous ligaments
Posterior IVD & IVF
Z-joint capsule
Posterior intercostal muscles

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61
Q

TSP - AROM - SIDE BENDING - MUSCLES ACTIVATED

A

Eccentric contraction of contralateral erector spinae
Transversospinalis

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62
Q

TSP - AROM - SIDE BENDING - TISSUES STRETCHED

A

Contralateral erector spinae
Transversospinalis
Intercostal muscles
Contralateral IVD & IVF
Z-joints

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63
Q

TSP - AROM - SIDE BENDING - TISSUES COMPRESSED

A

Ipsilateral erector spinae
Transversospinalis
Intercostal muscles
Contralateral IVD & IVF

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64
Q

TSP - AROM - ROTATION - MUSCLES ACTIVATED

A

Contralateral external oblique and transverso-spinalis
Ipsilateral internal oblique

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65
Q

TSP - AROM - ROTATION - TISSUES STRETCHED

A

Ipsilateral external oblique and transversosoinalis
Contralateral internal oblique

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66
Q

TSP - AROM - ROTATION - TISSUES COMPRESSED

A

Abdominal contents
Ipsilateral intervertebral foramen

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67
Q

TSP - POSTERIOR TRUNK SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

A

Trapezius
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor and major
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior
Intercostal muscles

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68
Q

TSP - POSTERIOR TRUNK DEEP MUSCLES

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Multifidi
Levator costarum

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69
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - ORIGIN

A

Ribs 3-5

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70
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - INSERTION

A

Coracoid process of scapula (medial aspect)

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71
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - ACTION

A

Stabilises scapula for arm movements
Depresses and downwardly rotates scapula

72
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - INNERVATION

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

73
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Pain is most prominent over the anterior deltoid but may extend over the subclavicular area
Pain may radiate down the ulnar side, elbow, forearm and hypothenar

74
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - STRETCH

A

Shoulders extended with scapulas fully retracted
Stick out chest

75
Q

PECTORALIS MINOR - STRENGTHEN

A

Push up
Weighted fly

76
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - ORIGIN

A

Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis

77
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - INSERTION

A

Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
Xiphoid process

78
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - ACTION

A

Flexion of trunk
Posterior pelvic tilt

79
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - INNERVATION

A

Intercostal nerves (T5-T12)

80
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Bilaterally horizontally across the back
Pain may be described as heartburn, indigestion or nausea

81
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - STRETCH

A

Standing or kneeling and extend back
OR
Lying flat on stomach and extend spine

82
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS - STRENGTHEN

A

Sit up (knee bent)
Crunch

83
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - ORIGIN

A

Anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Inguinal ligament
Pubic tubercle/crest
Rectus sheath

84
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - INSERTION

A

Inferior border of ribs 6-12

85
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - ACTION

A

Flexion, lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of trunk
Posterior pelvic tilt

86
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - INNERVATION

A

Intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

87
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Upper chest or diagonally across abdomen
Local area or down to groin, possibly into testicles

88
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - STRETCH

A

Lying supine, bend knees and rotate legs to contralateral side

89
Q

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - STRENGTHEN

A

Sit up or crunch with rotation
Bicycles
Side bending

90
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - ORIGIN

A

Iliac crest
Inguinal ligament
Thoracolumbar fascia

91
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - INSERTION

A

Ribs 10-12
Rectus sheath

92
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - ACTION

A

Flexion, lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of trunk
Posterior tilt of pelvis

93
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - INNERVATION

A

Intercostal nerves (T7-L1)

94
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Lower chest or diagonally over abdomen
Refer over the local area or down the groin, possibly into the genital region

95
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - STRETCH

A

Standing, laterally flex and rotate trunk to opposite side

96
Q

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE - STRENGTHEN

A

Sit up or crunch with rotation
Bicycles
Side bending

97
Q

MIDDLE TRAPEZIUS - ORIGIN

A

SPs of C7-T5

98
Q

LOWER TRAPEZIUS - ORIGIN

A

SPs T5-T12

99
Q

MIDDLE AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS - INSERTION

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

100
Q

MIDDLE AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS - ACTION

A

Elevation and retraction (adduction) of scapula
Unilateral - lateral flexion of head
Bilateral - extension of head

101
Q

MIDDLE AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS - INNERVATION

A

Spinal accessory (CN XI)
Ventral rami of C2-C4

102
Q

MIDDLE AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS - TRIGGER POINTS REFERRAL

A

Just above the superior border of the scapula
Just inferior to the inferior angle of the scapula

103
Q

MIDDLE AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS - STRETCH

A

Flex Tsp and abduct arm to 120, protract scapula and apply gentle traction on arm

104
Q

MIDDLE AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS - STRENGTHEN

A

Posterior fly

105
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - ORIGIN

A

SPs T7-L5
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Posterior sacrum
Ribs 9-12

106
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - INSERTION

A

Bicipital groove of humerus

107
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - ACTION

A

Adduction, medial rotation and extension of shoulder

108
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - INNERVATION

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

109
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Axillary region along the posterior axillary fold
Inferior angle of scapula and the lower to mid Tsp

110
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - STRETCH

A

Abduct and externally rotate shoulders above head against wall or door, pull body inferiorly

111
Q

LATISSIMUS DORSI - STRENGTHEN

A

Chin up
Pull over
Seated rows
Swimming breast stroke

112
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR - ORIGIN

A

SPs C7 & T1
Supraspinous ligament

113
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR - INSERTION

A

Medial border of scapula

114
Q

RHOMBOID MAJOR - ORIGIN

A

SPs T2-T5
Supraspinous ligament

115
Q

RHOMBOID MAJOR - INSERTION

A

Medial border of scapula

116
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR AND MAJOR - ACTION

A

Retraction (adduction) of the scapula
Elevation and downward rotation of the scapula

117
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR AND MAJOR - INNERVATION

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

118
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR AND MAJOR - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Referral begins along the vertebral border of the spine between the scapula and the paraspinal muscles
Extends over the supraspinatous portion of the scapula

119
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR AND MAJOR - STRETCH

A

Cross arms in front of body and ‘walk’ hands out laterally

120
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR AND MAJOR - STRENGTHEN

A

Seated row
Bent over row
Resisted shoulder extension retraction (pull shoulder blades together and hold)

121
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR - ORIGIN

A

SPs of C7-T3

122
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR - INSERTION

A

Ribs 2-5 (superior external border)

123
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR - ACTION

A

Elevation of ribs

124
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR - INNERVATION

A

Intercostal and sub costal nerves

125
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR - ORIGIN

A

SPs of T11-L3

126
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR - INSERTION

A

Ribs 9-12 (inferior external border)

127
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR - ACTION

A

Depression of ribs 9-12

128
Q

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR - INNERVATION

A

Intercostal and sub costal nerves

129
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - ORIGIN

A

Board tendon from the iliac crest
Posterior surface of the sacrum
Lumbar spines

130
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - INSERTION

A

Angle of ribs
Cervical transverse processes
Mastoid process

131
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - ACTION

A

Bilateral - Extension of vertebral column and head
Unilateral - Lateral flexion of the spine

132
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - INNERVATION

A

Spinal nerve dorsal rami

133
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Pain gradually radiates directly outward from their location
Tsp may project laterally across the back of the chest
Lsp may refer pain to the buttock and SI region

134
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - STRETCH

A

‘Cat stretch’ on all fours arch back
Lying supine, flex back and bring knees back over head

135
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP - STRENGTHEN

A

Plank
Back extensions
Dead lift

136
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS - ORIGIN

A

Angle of ribs 8-12

137
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS - INSERTION

A

Angle of ribs 1-7

138
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - ILIOCOSTALIS - ACTION

A

Bilateral - extension spine and head, eccentric stabilisation during trunk flexion
Unilateral - lateral flexion of spine

139
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - ILIOCOSTALIS - INNERVATION

A

Spinal nerve (dorsal rami)

140
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS - ORIGIN

A

TPs of T1-5

141
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS - INSERTION

A

TPs of C2-C6

142
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - LONGISSIMUS - ACTION

A

Bilateral - extension spine and head eccentric stabilisation during trunk flexion
Unilateral - lateral flexion of spine

143
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - LONGISSIMUS - INNERVATION

A

Spinal nerve (dorsal rami)

144
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - SPINALIS THORACIS - ORIGIN

A

SPs of T10-L2

145
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - SPINALIS THORACIS - INSERTION

A

SPs of T3-T9

146
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - SPINALIS - ACTION

A

Bilateral - extension of spine and head, eccentric stabilisation during trunk flexion
Unilateral - lateral flexion of spine

147
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE - SPINALIS - INNERVATION

A

Spinal nerve (dorsal rami)

148
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - SEMISPINALIS THORACIS - ORIGIN

A

TPs of T6-T12

149
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - SEMISPINALIS THORACIS - INSERTION

A

SPs of C6-T4

150
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - SEMISPINALIS - ACTION

A

Bilateral - extension of head and neck
Unilateral - controls lateral flexion to side opposite contraction; maintains head posture

151
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - SEMISPINALIS - INNERVENTION

A

Spinal nerve (dorsal rami)

152
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - MULTIFIDI THORACIS - ORIGIN

A

TP of T1-T12

153
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - MULTIFIDI THORACIS - INSERTION

A

SPs of all vertebrae extending from L5-C2

154
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - MULTIFIDI - ACTION

A

Bilateral - extension of vertebral column (trunk and neck)
Unilateral - rotate vertebral bodies to opposite side; control lateral flexion to side opposite contraction

155
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - MULTIFIDI - INNERVATION

A

Spinal nerve (dorsal rami)

156
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - ROTATORES - ORIGIN

A

TPs of C4-L5

157
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - ROTATORES - INSERTION

A

SPs (base and lamina 1-2 segments above origin

158
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - ROTATORES - ACTION

A

Unilateral - rotation to opposite side
Bilateral - extension; stabilise vertebrae and are involved with proprioception

159
Q

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS GROUP - ROTATORES - INNERVATION

A

Spinal nerve (dorsal rami)

160
Q

INTERSPINALIS - ORIGIN

A

SP of vertebra below

161
Q

INTERSPINALIS - INTERVENTION

A

SP of vertebra above

162
Q

INTERSPINALIS - ACTION

A

Extension of neck and trunk

163
Q

INTERSPINALIS - INNERVATION

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

164
Q

INTERTRANSVERSARIUS - ORIGIN

A

TP of vertebra below

165
Q

INTERTRANSVERSARIUS - INSERTION

A

TP of vertebra above

166
Q

INTERTRANSVERSARIUS - ACTION

A

Lateral flexion of neck and trunk

167
Q

INTERTRANSVERSARIUS - INNERVATION

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

168
Q

LEVATOR COSTARUM - ORIGIN

A

TPs C7-T11 (posterior lateral tip)

169
Q

LEVATOR COSTARUM - INSERTION

A

Ribs 1-12 (below the TP)

170
Q

LEVATOR COSTARUM - ACTION

A

Elevation of ribs (inspiration)

171
Q

LEVATOR COSTARUM - INNERVATION

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

172
Q

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

A

External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Subcostalis
Transversus thoracis (sternocostalis)

173
Q

DIAPHRAGM - ORIGIN

A

Vertebral - crura from bodies of L1-L2 on the left and L1-L3 on the right
Costal part - medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, innermost aspect of lower 6 ribs
Sternal - 2 slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid

174
Q

DIAPHRAGM - INSERTION

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

175
Q

DIAPHRAGM - ACTION

A

Inspiration
Assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure

176
Q

DIAPHRAGM - INNERVATION

A

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

177
Q

DIAPHRAGM - TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL

A

Near the central dome of the diaphragm can refer to the upper border of the ipsilateral shoulder

ANATOMY (10 decks)

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