SHOULDER Flashcards
SHOULDER - ROM
- Flexion - 180
- Extension - 60
- Internal rotation - 90
- External rotation - 80
- Abduction - 180
- Adduction - 35
- Scapulohumeral (humerus : scapula) - 120 : 60
SHOULDER - MYOTOMES
- Shoulder elevation - C4, XI
- Deltoid - C5, C6 - axillary
- Brachioradialis - C5, C6 - radial
- Biceps - C5, C6 - musculocutaneous
- Triceps - C6, C7, C8, T1 - radial
- Wrist extensors - C6, C7, C8 - radial
- Wrist flexors - C6, C7 - median/ulnar
- Finger flexors - C7, C8, T1 - ulnar/median
- Interossei - C7, C8, T1 - ulnar
SHOULDER ORTHO TESTS - SCREENING
SCREENING - Drop arm
SHOULDER ORTHO TESTS - IMPINGEMENT
IMPINGEMENT - Hawkins-Kennedy, Painful arc
SHOULDER ORTHO TESTS - BICEPS TENDINITIS
BICEPS TENDINITIS - Speeds, Yergasons
SHOULDER ORTHO TESTS - ROTATOR CUFF
ROTATOR CUFF - Empty can
SHOULDER ORTHO TESTS - LABRAL TEAR
LABRAL TEAR - Clunk, Crank, Obrien’s
SHOULDER ORTHO TESTS - GH JOINT INSTABILITY
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT INSTABILITY - Anterior/posterior drawer
SHOULDER - JOINT TYPE
- Ball & socket - glenohumeral
- Gliding - scapulothoracic
SHOULDER - ARTICULAR SURFACES
- Glenohumeral - convex (head of humerus) on concave (glenoid fossa)
- Scapulothoracic - concave (subscapular fossa) on convex (posterior ribs)
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - FLEXION
- FLEXION - anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - EXTENSION
- EXTENSION - posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii, teres major
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - ABDUCTION
- ABDUCTION - middle deltoid, supraspinatus
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - ADDUCTION
- ADDUCTION - latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION
- HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION - pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, anterior deltoid
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION
- HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION - posterior deltoid, teres major
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - INTERNAL ROTATION
- INTERNAL ROTATION - subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
SHOULDER - MAIN MUSCLE ACTIONS - EXTERNAL ROTATION
- EXTERNAL ROTATION - infraspinatus, teres minor
SHOULDER - RESTING POSITION
GH: abduction - 55-70 horizontal adduction - 30
Acromioclavicular: arm at side
Sternoclavicular: arm at side
SHOULDER - CLOSED PACKED POSITION
GH: maximal abduction & lateral rotation
Acromioclavicular: abduction - 90
Sternoclavicular: full elevation
SHOULDER - NORMAL END FEEL
FLEXION - elastic, firm-bony contact
EXTENSION - firm
ABDUCTION - elastic
INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION - elastic/firm
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION - soft tissue
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION - firm/elastic
SHOULDER - ABNORMAL END FEEL
Empty - Subacromial bursitis
Hard capsular - Frozen shoulder
Late myospasm - Instability
SHOULDER - CONDITIONS - AC SEPERATION
Hx - prior trauma - fall onto shoulder or impact over shoulder
S&S - possible step defect; tenderness to palpation over AC joint; +ve Obrien’s
DDx - supraspinatus rupture, impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear
SHOULDER - CONDITIONS - ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
Hx - Pt age 40-60, usually female, weeks of shoulder pain and restriction
S&S - restricted AROM in clear capsular pattern (external rotation > abduction > internal rotation); extermally painful & limited PROM
DDx - cervical pathology, impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear