TSM & Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

The study of living things

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2
Q

Scientific Method

A

Way of solving a problem

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3
Q

Steps of scientific Method

A

(observation, hypothesis, experiments, data, conclusion, compare with existing knowledge, publish, theories & principals)

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4
Q

Observation

A

Using senses/machinery

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5
Q

Question

A

Questioning of what is observed

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable answer to question (educated guess)

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7
Q

experiment

A

Set of steps used to test if hypothesis is correct/controlled test

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8
Q

Result

A

Findings from experiment

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9
Q

Conclusion

A

Whether hypothesis was true or not

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10
Q

Compare

A

Compare with existing knowledge

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11
Q

Theory

A

Hypothesis supported by many experiments

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12
Q

Principal/law

A

Theory proven to be valid over long period of time

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13
Q

Variable (eg)

A

Factor that may change (eg. time, mass, volume)

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14
Q

Independent Variable (eg)

A

Factor changed by experimentor (eg. temperature)

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15
Q

Dependant Variable (eg)

A

The effect of the change (eg. time)

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16
Q

Fixed Variable (eg)

A

Do not change (eg. number of seeds/ volume of water)

17
Q

Principles of Experimentation

A

(plan & design, safety procedures, random selection, large sample size, control group, double blind testing, change factor at a time, measure changes, analyse results, state possible sources of error, repeat experiment)

18
Q

Control

A

Provides comparison against independent variable

19
Q

Replicate

A

Something repeated

20
Q

Ethics

A

Whether it’s right or wrong

21
Q

Limitations of scientific method

A

(lack of basic knowledge, design of experiment, difficulty in interpreting results, changes in nature, accidental discoveries)

22
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions that occur in cells of living organisms

23
Q

Continuity of life

A

Living things arise from other living things of the same type

24
Q

Anabolic reaction (eg)

A

Using energy to add smaller molecules together to create bigger ones (eg. photosynthesis)

25
Catabolic reaction (eg)
Using energy to break down large molecules into smaller ones (eg. digestion)
26
Characteristics of life
B.O.N.E.R.R. (B)(Organisation)(Nutrition)(Excretion)(Response)(Reproduction)
27
Organisation
Unicellular or Multicellular Specialised structures
28
Levels of Organisation
Cell Tissue (group of cells) Organ (group of tissues with special function) Organ System (group of organs working together) Organism (group of systems working together )
29
Nutrition
Way animals obtain and use food
30
Sources of nutrition
In Animals: Feed on other organisms In Plants: photosynthesis
31
Herbivore
Eat plants
32
Carnivore
Eat animals
33
Omnivore
Eat plants and animals
34
Excretion
Elimination of waste products
35
Methods of excretion
In Animals: urinary system, skin, lungs In Plants: Leaves - stomata Stem - lenticles
36
Response
Way living things react to changes in environment
37
Methods of response
In Animals: 5 senses (light, sound, touch) In Plants: Growth towards/away from stimulus ( water, light, fertiliser)
38
Reproduction
Life coming from life Ability of an organism to produce new individuals of its own kind and pass genetic information to next generation
39
Methods of Reproduction
Asexual: Mitosis - cell division (eg. bacteria) Sexual: Male and female gamete (eg. plants and animals)