Human Breathing

Question 1

nose function

Answer 1

air inhaled

airborne bacteria filtered

air moistened and warmed - allows it to diffuse into capillaries easier

Question 2

pharynx function

Answer 2

contains epiglottis and larynx

Question 3

epiglottis

Answer 3

flap of tissue preventing food/water entering windpipe

Question 4

larynx function

Answer 4

produce sound by vibration (2 vocal cords)

Question 5

trachea function

Answer 5

air is passed into bronchi

mucous captures materials and dust

cilia allow for upwards movement of mucous past epiglottis and down oesophagus

Question 6

how is trachea protected

Answer 6

rings of cartilage (fibrous protein) - prevents it closing in on itself

Question 7

cilia

Answer 7

tiny hairs

Question 8

bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 8

trachea divides into bronchi then into bronchioles

Question 9

location of bronchi

Answer 9

lungs

Question 10

alveoli function

Answer 10

gas exchange

Question 11

gas exchange

Answer 11

oxygen from air enters capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide

Question 12

adaptations of gas exchange

Answer 12

thin walled

numerous capillaries and alveoli

moist

elastic

Question 13

process of gas exchange

Answer 13

occurs through diffusion

oxygen travels through body by red blood cells

combines with haemoglobin forming oxyhemoglobin

carbon dioxide travels through blood by plasma

Question 14

relationship of our brain and breathing

Answer 14

controlled by medulla oblongata

carbon dioxide levels in blood trigger breathing rate

carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms carbonic acid

causes pH of blood to fall from normal value of 7.4

can denature enzymes in body

Question 15

inhalation

Answer 15

message sent from brain to muscles and diagram

muscles use energy (ATP) to contract(passive process)

ribs pulled up and out and diagram down

volume of thorax increases

pressure in thorax decreases

external air pressure is now higher than in the thorax so air is forced into lungs

Question 16

exhalation

Answer 16

intercostal muscles and diagram relax(passive process)

ribs move down and in and diagram curves up

volume of thorax decreases

pressure in thorax increases

air forced out of lungs

Question 17

% of oxygen inhaled

Answer 17

21

Question 18

%of carbon dioxide inhaled

Answer 18

0.04

Question 19

water concentration inhaled

Answer 19

low

Question 20

% of oxygen exhaled

Answer 20

14

Question 21

% of carbon dioxide exhaled

Answer 21

5.6

Question 22

water concentration exhaled

Answer 22

high

Question 23

effect of exercise on breathing

Answer 23

increases rate of respiration - particularly in muscle cells

exhalation is usually passive but brain detects increased rate of respiration
resulting in exhalation becoming active to remove as much carbon dioxide as possible - deeper, faster breathing

Question 24

formula of respiration

Answer 24

food + oxygen
➡️
carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 25

what cell produces co2

Answer 25

mitochondria

Question 26

asthma definition

Answer 26

difficulty breathing caused by narrowing of bronchioles

muscles in bronchiole walls contract causing inflammation off wall lining

Question 27

asthma symptoms

Answer 27

wheezy breathing and feeling of breathlessness

Question 28

asthma causes

Answer 28

dust/allergens (ie pollen)

Question 29

asthma prevention

Answer 29

stay away from dust and allergens

Question 30

asthma treatment

Answer 30

inhalers - widen bronchioles
steroids - reduce inflammation

Question 31

other name for inhalers

Answer 31

bronchodilators