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Bio🧪 > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Food is needed for:

A

-energy
-growth of new cells
-repair of existing cells, tissues, organs etc.

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2
Q

Food supplies materials & energy for:

A

-metabolism
-continuity’ of life

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3
Q

Food is made up of (chemical elements):

A
  • C (carbon)
  • H (hydrogen)
  • O (oxygen)
  • N (nitrogen)
  • P (phosphorus)
  • S (sulfur)
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4
Q

Food is made up of (salts):

A
  • Na (sodium)
  • Mg (magnesium)
  • Cl (chlorine)
  • K (potassium)
  • Ca (calcium)
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5
Q

Food is made up of (trace elements):

A
  • Cu (copper)
  • Fe (iron)
  • Zn (zinc)
    *CIZ
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6
Q

How food is formed:

A

Elements combine in different ratios to form bio-molecular molecules

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7
Q

Biomolecule

A

molecule found in living thing

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8
Q

Food biomolecules

A
  • carbohydrates
  • vitamins
  • water
  • lipids
  • minerals
  • proteins
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9
Q

What is human body made up of:

A

water - 65%
protein - 18%
fat - 10%
carbohydrate - 5%
vitamins - 1%
minerals- 1%

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10
Q

Elements - carbohydrates

A
  • C (carbon)
  • H (hydrogen)
  • O (oxygen)
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11
Q

Formula - carbohydrates

A

Cx(H2O)y

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12
Q

Ratio - carbohydrates

A

2:1
(hydrogen : oxygen)

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13
Q

(carbohydrate) monosaccharides

A
  • single sugar molecules
  • simple sugars
  • soluble in water
  • sweet to taste
  • smallest carbohydrate unit
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14
Q

(carbohydrate) Name examples of monosaccharides & where it’s found

A

(e.g. glucose & fructose)
(fruit)

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15
Q

(carbohydrate) disaccharides

A
  • 2 monosaccharide sugar units joined together
  • soluble in water
  • sweet to taste
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16
Q

(carbohydrate) Name example of disaccharides & where it’s found

A

(e.g. sucrose, lactose, maltose)
(sugar, milk)

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17
Q

(carbohydrate) polysaccharides

A

-many monosaccharide sugar units
- insoluble in water
- are not sweet tasting

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18
Q

(carbohydrate) Name example of polysaccharides & where it’s found

A

(e.g. starch, cellulose, chitin)
(found in bread, pasta, rice)

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19
Q

Structural polysaccharides

A
  • cellulose (plant cell walls)
  • chitin (insect exoskeleton and fungi)
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20
Q

name storage polysaccharides

A

starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)

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21
Q

lipids include (eg):

A

-fats (solid @ room temp)
-oil ( liquid @ room temp)
- steroids (ie cholesterol &some sex hormones)
-waxes (covering insect bodies & plant leaves)

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22
Q

(lipids) elements:

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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23
Q

(lipids) types of molecules:

A

fatty acids
glycerol

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24
Q

(lipids) types

A

triglycerides
phospholipids

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25
Q

Triglyceride

A

smallest lipid

26
Q

Phospholipid

A

One fatty acid of lipid molecule replaced by phosphate group

27
Q

Sources of lipid

A

Fat
butter
cooking oils
fresh cream

28
Q

Protein elements:

A

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

29
Q

(proteins) sources

A

lean meat
fish
eggs
soya

30
Q

Structure of proteins

A

-Long chains of amino acids
-joined by peptide bonds
-forms polypeptide chains

31
Q

Peptide contains:

A

Less than 20 amino acids

32
Q

Polypeptides contain:

A

Over 20, less than 200 amino acids

33
Q

Protein contains:

A

20 common and several rare (over 200) amino acids

34
Q

Chemical groups in amino acids:

A

Single hydrogen atom
amino group
carboxyl group
side chain

35
Q

Fibrous structure(eg)

A

Not folded (eg keratin -hair & nails)/(collagen - bones & tendons)

36
Q

Globular structure (eg)

A

Folded (eg haemoglobin - blood)/ (enzymes)

37
Q

Vitamins

A

Essential organic catalysts of metabolism

38
Q

Catalyst

A

Alters rate of reaction

39
Q

Vitamins we need:

A

A, B, C, D, E, K

40
Q

What can vitamins be?

A

water/ fat soluble

41
Q

vitamins that are water soluble

A

B & C

42
Q

Vitamins that are fat-soluble

A

A, D, E, K

43
Q

Sources of vitamins & benefits (eg)

A

C - citrus fruits, green vegetables
(fight infection & prevent sickness)

D - milk, sun
(nourishing bones)

44
Q

Diseases due to vitamin deficiency

A

Vitamin C - scurvy
symptoms: (bleeding gums, poor healing of skin)

Vitamin D - Rickets/osteomealacia
symptoms: (weak, deformed bones that are brittle)

45
Q

Example of plant mineral, location and function(2)

A

Magnesium:
-found in soil forms
-chlorophyll

calcium:
-found in salt in soil
-helps cell walls attach

46
Q

Example of animal mineral, source and function (2)

A

Iron:
-found in liver, meat
-forms haemoglobin

Calcium:
-found in milk, dairy, cheese
-forms strong teeth and bones

47
Q

Function of minerals:

A

-Form part of rigid body tissues
-Form pigments
-Regulate body fluids

48
Q

Examples of pigments formed by minerals:

A

-Iron in haemoglobin
-Magnesium in chlorophyll

49
Q

How much of cells and bodily fluids are made up of water?

A

70% to 95%

50
Q

Physical properties of water:

A

-Slow to heat and cool
-good absorber of energy
-moves dissolved material in and out of cells
-controls cell shape
-strong adhesive & cohesive properties

51
Q

Chemical properties of water:

A

-Universal solvent for transporting substances in the blood/plants
-medium for metabolism
-reactant/product in chemical reactions (e.g. photosynthesis)

52
Q

Formula for photosynthesis:

A

Carbon dioxide + water
➡️ light/chlorophyll
➡️oxygen + glucose

53
Q

Formula for respiration:

A

Food/glucose + oxygen
➡️
Carbon dioxide + water

54
Q

Formula for glucose

A

CO2 + H20 ➡️ C6H12O6

55
Q

Examples of anabolic reactions in plants and animals:

A

Plants: photosynthesis
animals: protein synthesis

56
Q

Examples of catabolic reactions in plants and animals:

A

Plants: respiration
animal: digestion

57
Q

Structural role of carbohydrates:

A

-Cellulose: in cell walls
-keratin: structural protein under skin, hair nails
-chitin: insect exoskeletons

58
Q

Structural role of lipids:

A

-Waterproofs body
-protects organs
-component in cell membrane
-insulates body

59
Q

Metabolic role of carbohydrates and lipids:

A

Primary sources of energy for metabolism

60
Q

Metabolic role of proteins:

A

Enzymes and chlorophyll

Bio🧪 (13 decks)

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