The Cell

Question 1

Ultrasctructure

Answer 1

detail of structure as seen using electron microscope

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

smallest unit of matter that can carry all processes of life

Question 3

Organelles

Answer 3

cell components that perform specific functions for cell

Question 4

examples of organelles

Answer 4

cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, DNA, cell wall, vacuole

Question 5

what is a Cell membrane made up of?

Answer 5

phospholipids and proteins.

Question 6

Functions of cell membrane

Answer 6

i) controls what enters and leaves cell
ii) give support to cell

Question 7

Function of nucleus

Answer 7

Controls cell’s activities

Question 8

what is nucleus made up of? (+definitions)

Answer 8

i) double membrane with numerous nucleur pores
ii) nucleolus which contains RNA, DNA and proteins (makes ribosomes)
iii) chromatin which stores our genes

Question 9

Function of mitochondria

Answer 9

supplies energy to cell

Question 10

Formula of mitochondria

Answer 10

Food + oxygen = cO2 + water + energy

Question 11

Function of ribosomes

Answer 11

make protiens

Question 12

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 12

i) clear jelly fluid in cell

Question 13

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 13

Contains all organelles within cell

Question 14

Function of chloroplast

Answer 14

photosynthesis

Question 15

What is cell wall made up of?

Answer 15

cellulose fibre and polysaccharides

Question 16

nucleur pores

Answer 16

Allow mRNA to move in and out of nucleus

Question 17

Function of cell wall

Answer 17

to give support and strengthen cell

Question 18

What is a vacuole?

Answer 18

membrane bound sac whithin cytoplasm

Question 19

Function of vacuole

Answer 19

provide structural support, storage, waste, protection and growth

Question 20

what has a larger vacuole; plant or animal cells?

Answer 20

plant

Question 21

features of eukaryotic organisms (eg)

Answer 21

i) contain nucleus and other membrane bound organelles (eg mitochondria)
ii) large cells
iii) more advanced
iv) eg plants and animals

Question 22

features of prokaryotic organisms (eg)

Answer 22

i)cells never contain/lack nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
ii) have loop of DNA
iii) small cells
iv) not as advanced
v) eg bacteria

Question 23

4 plant tissues

Answer 23

i) dermal tissue
ii) vascular tissue
iii) ground tissue
iv) meristematic tissue

Question 24

dermal tissue

Answer 24

single layer of cells surrounding different parts of a plant epidermis (protection)

Question 25

vascular tissue (eg)

Answer 25

transports materials around plant (xylem and phloem)

Question 26

xylem

Answer 26

transports water and minerals around plant

Question 27

phloem

Answer 27

transports food from leaves to other parts of plant

Question 28

ground tissue

Answer 28

photosynthesis occurs here

Question 29

meristematic tissue

Answer 29

found at growing regions of plants (eg root tips and shoot tips)

Question 30

4 animal tissues

Answer 30

i) muscle tissue
ii) nervous tissue
iii) connective tissue
iv) epithelial tissue

Question 31

muscle tissue

Answer 31

can contract, move bones

Question 32

nervous tissue

Answer 32

i) composed of nerve cells called neurons
ii) carries electrical impulses to and from brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Question 33

connective tissue

Answer 33

number of cells spread out in matrix (eg blood)

Question 34

epithelial tissue

Answer 34

(eg lining of oesophagus)

Question 35

tissue culture

Answer 35

growth of tissues in/on artificial medium outside an organism

Question 36

in vitro

Answer 36

in glass

Question 37

in vivo

Answer 37

in life