Truman Doctrine + Marshall Plan

Question 1

What were causes of the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 1

• Shortages of coal and transportation difficulties in Germany.
• Deficit of £3.5 million in Western European countries and 83% production rates.
• British £3000m in debt and on 21 Feb announced could no longer support Greece, ending payment by 30th March 1947.
• Greece: monarchists had established government but faced communist resistance with funding from Albania and Yugoslavia.

Question 2

What did Dean Acheson announce on 27 Feb?

Answer 2

Acheson of Department of State claimed that communism could spread from Iran to France and Italy, and it needed to be contained.

Question 3

What did France veto against Germany in 1947, and why?

Answer 3

They vetoed proposals to establish an economic and political unit of Germany to keep the Rhineland and Ruhr.

Question 4

In the meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers, 10 March - 24 April 1947, what was agreed about Germany’s government ?

Answer 4

There would be a central agency with a German consultative council and provisional German government.

Question 5

When was the Truman Doctrine set up and what did it state?

Answer 5

12 March 1947, Truman made a speech to houses of Congress announcing how one life was on the will of the majority, and the other on the will of the minority. Financial aid had to be given to countries, alongside military assistance.
£300m was issued to Greece and £100m to Turkey, who were defending their Straits.

Question 6

What were results of the Doctrine?

Answer 6

• By 1949 the Greek civil war ended.
• Marshall Plan established to dedicate £17 billion to Europe excluding satelitte states as established by George C Marshall, Secretary of State, in 1947.
• USSR saw it as violating the UN, with financial aid used as political pressure. The US was using dollar imperialism to enforce its will on independent states.
• 1952 Western Europe sustained growth.