Khrushchev and Eisenhower🌺 Flashcards
What was the Taiwan Straits Crisis?
Eisenhower opened negotiations with Jiang Jieshi, who critiqued the People’s Republic of China, in 1954 and concluded SEATO. Mao invaded one island and shelled others to remove capitalists, supporting Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam. The Sino-Soviet alliance blossomed, and in 1954 Khrushchev backed Chinese with the Taiwan Straits crisis. Nationalists were shelled and Mao had taken small islands, backing down to prevent criticism at the Bandung meeting of non-aligned nations.
When was SEATO set up and why?
SEATO was set up in 1954 and at the Geneva Conference in Switzerland it was decided the North would be led by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, and Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon, dividing Vietnam. Eisenhower rejected this, leading to the establishment of SEATO and negotiations in the South.
In 1955 what did Germany join?
In 1955 Germany joined NATO after negotiations of re-arming and joining the EDC, alongside France’s fears of a rising Germany. British brokered the terms.
When was Warsaw Pact established?
In 1955 the Warsaw Pact was created headed by a Supreme Commander over 9 nations
What were covert operations?
Eisenhower worked with Allen Dulles, head of the CIA, to spread anti-Communism, kill heads of state, arm revolutionaries, and spread propaganda in Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America to prevent the spread of Communism subtly through covert operations.
Why was there crisis in Iran, 1953?
In 1953 crisis in Iran erupted as Eisenhower and the Dulles brothers overthrew Mohhamed Mossadegh when they seized control of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, restoring Mohammed Palavi as head of state, giving half of the oil to America.
When did Dien Bien Phu fall and what happened as a result?
Dien Bien Phu : Key French garrison fell to Ho Chi Minh’s troops in 1954 and Eisenhower helped the French economically, fearing the domino effect. Dulles and Nixon would eventually advocate the use of nuclear weapons. However, after the fall of Dien Bien Phu, he contained communism, eventually devolving into the Vietnam War.
What was Molotov’s New Course?
Molotov developed a New Course. He believed that America would fall with capitalism, and the economic strain of nuclear war was too much. Consumer goods needed to be built up.
When did Khrushchev replace Molotov and what commitments did he make?
Khrushchev replaced Molotov in 1955, and by 1953 made a speech on de-Stalinisation at the 20th Party Congress, recalling purges of Kirov, Rykov, Kamenex, and Zinoviev between 1934-38, and Stalin’s anti-semitic tendencies. He wanted less nationalisation and a new focus on consumer goods and public freedom.
Describe Finnish neutrality.
In 1947 the Finnish-Soviet Peace Treaty gave Soviets £300m in reparations alongside the Pkrkhalla region. In 1955, Khrushchev ignored Molotov’s protests at the Central Committee of the Communist Party and in 1956 removed troops.
What did Khrushchev want to do to improve relations?
As part of Khrushchev’s Peaceful Coexistence, he wanted to improve living conditions by reducing the strain on military and signed the Austrian State Treaty and removed troops in Finland.
Describe the Austrian State Treaty…
Austrian State Treaty: In the West Marshall Aid was given and the zone armed, while the East was robbed by the USSR. In 1954 it was decided relations with the West should increase and in 1955 troops were withdrawn. Julius Raab negotiated with Khrushchev and the West and neutrality was finally decided on with withdrawal of tanks.
When did Eisenhower become President and what policies did he reinforce with John Foster Dulles?
In 1953 Eisenhower became president with the introduction of his New Look to focus on nuclear over conventional weapons, saving money. Massive retaliation could be the only solution though, stopping intervention in Hungary.
When did Stalin die?
Stalin died in March 5 1953 and papers in the 1970s show he could not promise not having influence in a unified Germany.
When was the Korean War and how did it end?
In 1950 war between the Communist North and capitalist South of Korea exploded and in 1953 Eisenhower used threats of an atom bomb to end fighting.
