trouble at home and abroad Flashcards
1
Q
What was act of supremacy 1559
A
- Re-established break from Rome and independent Church of England
- Elizabeth gave herself name of supreme ‘governor’ rather than ‘head’ to pacify catholics
- stated church would keep its pre-reformation Episcopal structure, with two archbishops as a concession to catholics
2
Q
What was ‘the middle way’
A
- Aimed to end disagreements between Catholics and protestants
- Act of Uniformity 1559 made the church mainly protestant, however kept essence of Catholic Church, such as the vestments the priests wore
3
Q
Elizabeth response to Catholic opposition
A
- Attendance to Anglican church made compulsory, and Recusants who followed Pope’s orders and didnt attend were fined a shilling a week
4
Q
What did Pope Pius V do to Elizabeth?
A
- Excommunicated her by issuing a Bull
-Catholics no longer had to be loyal to the Queen and instructed them to disobey her laws
5
Q
What was the treason act 1571
A
- Stated that denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing Pope’s bull of excommunication into England could be punished by death
- Anyone who left England for over 6 months had land confiscated (to prevent English catholics going abroad to train as missionaries)
6
Q
Who were Jesuits
A
- Religious group dedicated to serving the pope
- Priests who had rigorous training and were sent to England as educators
7
Q
What did Jesuits such as Edmund Campion do
A
- Held church services in the homes of important catholics
- Wore disguise and hid in safe houses to avoid arrest
- Catholic Carpenter Nicolas Owen created network of safe houses for them to use
8
Q
Why were puritans unhappy with Elizabeth’s religious settlement
A
- Too many corrupt catholic traditions used in the middle way
- angered about continues use of bishops and vestments worn by Clergy
9
Q
What happened in 1576
A
- Elizabeth stated that religious matters could no longer be debated in parliament without her permission
10
Q
What was Prophesying
A
- Prayer meetings where bible was discussed and sermons said
- Elizabeth worried that these meetings were an opportunity for spreading puritan beliefs
11
Q
Conclusions of Elizabeth’s religious settlement
A
- Satisfied most, as was a protestant church that looked catholic
- She became increasingly intolerant of differences after 1570s.
- Most puritans remained Anglicans and few catholics were bold enough to be recusants.
- Propaganda effectively destroyed reputations of both groups of opponents
12
Q
Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth
A
- Was her cousin and had a claim to the throne, which she wanted to assert
- Married a descendent of Henry VII, strengthening her claim
- Mary abdicated Scotland after being accused of killing her husband, and so came to England
- She was pro-french and catholic, and many regarded her as rightful queen of England
- afraid she would act as a focus for catholic resistance
13
Q
What did Elizabeth do to Mary upon her arrival
A
- Placed her on house arrest far away in the North and Midlands to limit her threat
14
Q
What was Northern rebellion 1569
A
- Catholic rebellion triggered by Mary’s arrival
- led by Duke of Norfolk, who planned to Marry Mary and set her up as Elizabeth’s heir
- DofN hated Cecil’s power and wanted to weaken his position
- Enlisted Robert Dudley, as he was also keen to reduce Cecil’s power
15
Q
How did Northern rebellion end
A
- Dudley was Elizabeth’s favourite, and was struck by guilt, and so confessed all the to queen and Cecil, leading to Norfolk being captured and imprisoned
- The rebellion continued however, but the royal army eventually ended it
16
Q
What was Ridolfi plot 1571
A
- Led by Catholic Italian banker Ridolfi
- Plan involved Philip II of Spain, Mary, the pope and Norfolk
- Excommunication prior meant catholics could freely rebel against Elizabeth
- Plot was to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary
- Idea was for 6000 Spanish troops to land in Essex, sparking an English rebellion
- Mary and Norfolk both agreed to plan
17
Q
Consequences of Ridolfi plot
A
- Norfolk found guilty of treason and Elizabeth reluctantly signed his death warrant
- Law was passed against Mary stating that anyone making claim to throne with knowledge of plan to assassinate monarch would be removed from succession
- Mary survived the plot
18
Q
What was Thockmorten plot 1583
A
- Plan for catholic force backed by Spanish and Papal money to invade England
- Mary was to be freed from house arrest leading to an uprising involving Jesuits and English Catholic population
- Elizabeth would be captured and murdered, and Mary made Queen
- Thockmorten acted as intermediary between Spanish ambassador and Mary
19
Q
How did Thockmorten plot end
A
- Walsingham discovered what was happening, and Thockmorten was placed under surveillance, before being tortured on the rack and making a confession
20
Q
Consequences of Thockmorten plot
A
- Bond of Association established- anybody who was associated with a plot to assassinate queen could not profit from her death
- Thockmorten executed
- Spanish ambassador De Mendoza expelled from England
- Lack of evidence left Mary unscathed
21
Q
Causes of Babington plot
A
- Mary placed in stricter conditions in Chartley hall in 1585, with a strict puritan as her Jailer
- Idea was to push her into another plot as she became ever more resentful of Elizabeth
22
Q
What was Babington plot 1586
A
- Mary began to secretly start correspondence with French ambassador and Babington, who was a catholic recusant
- Letters in code were smuggled in and out of Chartley, and a plot to kill Elizabeth had been devised, and to make Mary queen with help of Spanish invasion force
23
Q
How did Babington plot end
A
- Walsingham, Elizabeth’s spymaster knew all about the letters due to his double agent, Giffod.
- Walsingham allowed the letters to be sent so the plot would unfold and he could trap Mary
- Mary sent a letter approving of the plot and assassination of Elizabeth
24
Q
Consequences of Babington plot
A
- Babington was arrested, and was Hung drawn and quartered with 6 other conspirators
- Mary found guilty, and Cecil prepared a death warrant which Elizabeth refused to sign, however later did but gave instruction not to have warrant sealed.
-these instructions were ignored and Mary was killed
25
Q
Elizabeth response to Mary’s execution
A
- Furious and racked with guilt over regicide, and making Mary into a martyr
- Cecil banished for 6 months
- Few protests which led to nothing showed catholics more loyal to their queen than she thought
