trouble at home and abroad Flashcards
1
Q
What was act of supremacy 1559
A
- Re-established break from Rome and independent Church of England
- Elizabeth gave herself name of supreme ‘governor’ rather than ‘head’ to pacify catholics
- stated church would keep its pre-reformation Episcopal structure, with two archbishops as a concession to catholics
2
Q
What was ‘the middle way’
A
- Aimed to end disagreements between Catholics and protestants
- Act of Uniformity 1559 made the church mainly protestant, however kept essence of Catholic Church, such as the vestments the priests wore
3
Q
Elizabeth response to Catholic opposition
A
- Attendance to Anglican church made compulsory, and Recusants who followed Pope’s orders and didnt attend were fined a shilling a week
4
Q
What did Pope Pius V do to Elizabeth?
A
- Excommunicated her by issuing a Bull
-Catholics no longer had to be loyal to the Queen and instructed them to disobey her laws
5
Q
What was the treason act 1571
A
- Stated that denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing Pope’s bull of excommunication into England could be punished by death
- Anyone who left England for over 6 months had land confiscated (to prevent English catholics going abroad to train as missionaries)
6
Q
Who were Jesuits
A
- Religious group dedicated to serving the pope
- Priests who had rigorous training and were sent to England as educators
7
Q
What did Jesuits such as Edmund Campion do
A
- Held church services in the homes of important catholics
- Wore disguise and hid in safe houses to avoid arrest
- Catholic Carpenter Nicolas Owen created network of safe houses for them to use
8
Q
Why were puritans unhappy with Elizabeth’s religious settlement
A
- Too many corrupt catholic traditions used in the middle way
- angered about continues use of bishops and vestments worn by Clergy
9
Q
What happened in 1576
A
- Elizabeth stated that religious matters could no longer be debated in parliament without her permission
10
Q
What was Prophesying
A
- Prayer meetings where bible was discussed and sermons said
- Elizabeth worried that these meetings were an opportunity for spreading puritan beliefs
11
Q
Conclusions of Elizabeth’s religious settlement
A
- Satisfied most, as was a protestant church that looked catholic
- She became increasingly intolerant of differences after 1570s.
- Most puritans remained Anglicans and few catholics were bold enough to be recusants.
- Propaganda effectively destroyed reputations of both groups of opponents
12
Q
Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth
A
- Was her cousin and had a claim to the throne, which she wanted to assert
- Married a descendent of Henry VII, strengthening her claim
- Mary abdicated Scotland after being accused of killing her husband, and so came to England
- She was pro-french and catholic, and many regarded her as rightful queen of England
- afraid she would act as a focus for catholic resistance
13
Q
What did Elizabeth do to Mary upon her arrival
A
- Placed her on house arrest far away in the North and Midlands to limit her threat
14
Q
What was Northern rebellion 1569
A
- Catholic rebellion triggered by Mary’s arrival
- led by Duke of Norfolk, who planned to Marry Mary and set her up as Elizabeth’s heir
- DofN hated Cecil’s power and wanted to weaken his position
- Enlisted Robert Dudley, as he was also keen to reduce Cecil’s power
15
Q
How did Northern rebellion end
A
- Dudley was Elizabeth’s favourite, and was struck by guilt, and so confessed all the to queen and Cecil, leading to Norfolk being captured and imprisoned
- The rebellion continued however, but the royal army eventually ended it
