Trimester 2 Unit 3 Flashcards
pH
values on the scale range from 0-14
used to tell if something is an acid or a base, measures the concentration of [H+]
Acid
pH of less than 7, reacts with metals, tends to taste sour, when added to water it releases H+ ions(H30+)
Acid Equation Example
HCl-> H + Cl
Common acids
batteries, lemons,tomatoes,stomach acid, grapes, vinegar
Bases
pH greater than 7, reacts with organic material, tend to taste bitter, slippery, releases OH- ions when added to water
Base Equation Example
NaOH-> Na + OH
Common Bases
Baking soda, Soap, Bleach, Drain Cleaner, Ammonia
Neutral
pH of 7, neither acidic or basic, pure water, H2O=HOH
Neutralization
we can neutralize an acid with a base and a base with an acid
pH Indicator
a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base, EX: cabbage juice, litmus papper
What are most of the substances considered Bases
cleaning supplies
What are the effects of C02 on the human body
our cells would be unable to function
What is the healthy pH range for human blood
7.4
What are the effects of C02 on the ocean
it becomes acidic
What organisms are most affected by ocean acidification
ones with shells
What does it mean that water is a polar molecule?
It means the oxygen is pulling the electrons to it so it will have a partial negative charge while hydrogen has a positive charge
What is a Hydronium Ion
(H3O+)
What is a Hydroxide Ion
(OH-)
What is a neutral pH?
7
What is the pH of an acid?
pH of 1-6
What’s the pH of a Base?
pH of 8-14
What happens to the pH when we increase the number of hydrogen ions?
It will lower it
On the pH scale, how do you find the strongest acids and bases?
Higher the number the stronger the base
Lower the number the stronger the acid
What solution has more OH- ions than H+ ions?
A basic Solution
What color is Phenolphthalein in an acid
white/clear
What color is Phenolphthalein in a base
dark pink/dark red
What color is Phenolphthalein in a neutral substance
clear
What color is Bromothymol Blue in an acid
orange/yellow
What color is Bromothymol Blue in a base
blue
What color is Bromothymol Blue in a neutral substance
blue
what color is Red Litmus paper in an acid
pink
What color is Red Litmus paper in a base
blue
What color is Red Litmus paper in a neutral substance
red
What color is Blue Litmus Paper in an acid
red
What color is Blue Litmus Paper in a base
blue
WHat color is Blue Litmus Paper in a neutral substance
blue
Formula for pH
PH=-log[H+]
pOH
Power of hydroxide, measures the concentration of [OH-]
What’s the easy why of finding the pH and pOH
They add up to 14
How to find [H+] from pH
[H+]= 10-pH
How to name acids without oxygen
1) Drop the -ide
2) Put the name in between hydro__ic acid
How to name acids with oxygen that end in -ate
Polyatomic
1) drop the -ate
2) put in front of -ic acid
How to name acids that have oxygen and end in -ite
1) Drop the -ite
2) Put in front of -ous acid
What is HCl name
Hydrochloric Acid
What is the name of NO3
Nitric Acid
Naming Exceptions
H3PO4= Phosphoric Acid
H3PO3= Phosphorus Acid
H2SO4= Sulfuric Acid
H2SO3= Sulfurous Acid
What are Binary Acids
Acids with two ions
EX: HCl, HBr
What is a ternary acids
Polyatomic ions with three ions
EX: H2SO3, HNO2
If the pH decreases by 1 unit what happens to the [H+]
Increases by 10x
If the pH increases by 2 units what happens to the [H+]
100x less
