Trimester 1 Unit 4 Flashcards
Why atoms are neutral
There is no change in the number of protons and electrons
What are valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell, involved in bonding
How do atoms become stable
they can gain electrons to fill the shell or lose electrons to expose an already full shell
What are Lewis dot structures
Squares with the atomic symbols in the center and valence electrons around the atomic symbol
What are Ions
Atoms that have a charge because they gained or lost electrons to become stable with a full valence shell
How are Cations formed
By losing an electron
How are Anions formed
By gaining an electron
What are Cations
An Ion with a positive charge because it lost one or more electron(s)
What are Anions
An Ion with a negative charge because it gained one or more electron(s)
What is the rule for deciding if it is a cation or anion
if there are 3 or less it will be a cation and if there are 5 or more it will be an anion
What are the properties of Metals
luster, conductive, malleable, ductile, solid
What are the proporties of Metalloids
luster, notmalleable, semi-conductive, not durable, not ductile
What are the properties of Nonmetals
brittle, solid, gasseous, not malleable, not ductile, not conductive
Why is the periodic table important
it organises lots of information about all the known elements
Why is the periodic table important
it organises lots of information about all the known elements
How did Dimitri Mendeleev’s table work
it put the elements into rows increasing by atomic wieght and put elements into columns by the way they reacted
What were some of the problems with Dimitri’s periodic table
He left blank spaces for undiscovered elements and broke the pattern of increasing by atomic wieght to keep similer reacting elements together
What changed to create the current periodic table
The elements are now in rows increasing by Atomic Number
What is the useful part of groups
Elements in the same groups have similar chemical and phsical properties
Why do elements in the same groups have similar physical and chemical properties
They have the same number of valence electrons and will form the same kinds of Ions
What are families on the periodic table
One or more columns
What is the hydrogen family
It is just hydrogen as it is a diatomic and reactive gass that was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg and is also is promising as an alternitive fuel source for automobiles
What is the Alkali Metals family
The first column on the periodic table, very reactive metals that are always combined with something else in nature, soft enough to cut with a butter knife
What is the Alkaline Earth Metals family
The second column on the periodic table that is very reactive and always combined with nonmetals in nature
What is the Transition Metals family
The third through twelth column on the periodic table that are less reactive and harder metals, metals used in jewelry and construction, also used as “metals”
What is the Boron family
The thirteenth column on the periodic table
What is the Carbon family
The fourteenth column on the periodic table which contains important elements for life and computers, carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemestry, silicon and geranium are important semi-conductors
What is the Nitrogen family
The fifteenth column on the periodic table taht mkes up 3/4s of the atmosphere, Nitrogen and Phosporus are important in living things
What is the Oxygen family or Chalcogens
Column sixteen of the periodic table, Oxygen is required for resperation and many things that stink contain Sulfur
What is the Hologens family
Column seventeen of the periodic table that is very reactive, volitile, diatomic, nonmetals, always found combined with other element in nature and used to disinfect and to strengthen teeth
What are the Noble Gases
Column eighteen of the periodic table that is very unreactive and used in lighted “neon” signs and to fix the hindenberg blimp problem
When does Ionization Energy get larger
As it goes up and to the right
When does Electronegativity get larger
As it goes up and to the right
When does Atomic Radius get larger
As it goes down and to the left
What is Effective Nuclear Charge
It is the force that holds atoms together because (-)electrons are atractted to (+)protons in the nucleus
What two factors effect strength
The more protons=higher strength, more distance between the nucleus and electrons=lower strength
What is the Atomic Radius
how large an atom is and is found from the middle to outermost shell
What are the Atomic Radius trends
As you go down the groups the size increases and as you go across the periods the size decreases
What is Ionization
how much energy is required to remove one electron form and atom, as electrons are further from the nucleus there is more screening of core electrons ao less effective nuclear charge
What is a period
the horozontal rows of the periodic table
