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Health Science Chemestry > Trimester 1 Unit 5 > Flashcards

Trimester 1 Unit 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do the energy levels correspond to

A

The rows of the table

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2
Q

What is the Aufbau principle

A

Start at the lowest energy level and build to the higher energy levels only after the lowest are filled

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3
Q

What is an Orbital

A

A region of probability in which an electron can be found with the lowest level being the S orbital that is sphere-shaped and always filled first. The S Block holds groups 1 and 2

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4
Q

S Orbital

A

Hydrogen has one proton and one electron so it fills the first energy level or the S Orbital with one electron. Helium has two protons and two electrons so it fills the first orbital or !s with two electrons. Has a max of 2

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5
Q

P Orbital

A

Once the S Orbital has been filled, the electrons start filling in the P Orbital. It is shaped like a propeller giving it a total of 3 P Orbitals to be filled. Max of 6

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6
Q

What is Hund’s Rule

A

Each P Orbital must receive one electron before any P Orbital can receive a second filling electron

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7
Q

D Orbital

A

There are five orbitals in the D block and seven orbitals in the F block, D block elements are called transition metals. D block max of 10 electrons and F block max of 14 electrons

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8
Q

What is Electron Notation

A

1s2 2s2 2p1

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9
Q

What does the 1 stand for

A

The energy level

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10
Q

What does the S stand for

A

The type of orbital

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11
Q

What does the Superscript stand for?

A

The number of electrons

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12
Q

F Orbital

A

looks like a flower and can hold 14 electrons while also having 7 orientations and found in levels 4-5

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13
Q

What were Democritus’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

Surrounded by empty space & vary in size and shape depending on the substance they are composed of.

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14
Q

What were Aristotle’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

Thought it was made of the 4 major elements

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15
Q

What were Dalton’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

Common substances are broken down into the same proportions, compounds are a combination of various atoms that can’t be created or destroyed

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16
Q

What were Thompson’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

Uniformed packed spheres with positive matter filled with negative electrons

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17
Q

What were Rutherford’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

Atoms thinly placed positive charge was not enough to keep things in place. Atoms consist largely of empty space with a few electrons while mass is in the center particles. Pass through gaps but bounce off the nucleus.

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18
Q

What were Bohr’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energys & distances, able to jump from one level to another but not exist in the space between

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19
Q

What were Heisenberg’s major thoughts on the Atom?

A

impossible to determine the exact speed and position of electrons

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20
Q

What are the two types of bonding

A

Ionic and Covalent bonding

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21
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

sharing of electrons, Polar Covalent=unequal sharing, Nonpolar Covalent=equal

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22
Q

What are the two ways to determine the bond type

A

Type of element and Electronegativity

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23
Q

Type of element

A

metal and nonmetal=Ionic and nonmetal and nonmetal=covalent

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24
Q

Electronegativity

A

Ionic>1.8, Polar Covalent 0.4-1.79, Nonpolar Covalent 0-0.39

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25
Q

Every 2 electrons shared is a

A

Bond

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26
Q

Two atoms can share up to

A

6 electrons

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27
Q

A single bond

A

2 shared electrons

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28
Q

A double bond

A

4 shared electrons

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29
Q

A triple bond

A

6 shared electrons

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30
Q

The more electrons shared

A

the shorter the bond

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31
Q

Sharing is not always an

A

equal partnership

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32
Q

Typically each bond is made from the contribution of

A

1 electron from each atom

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33
Q

Sharing is not always

A

equal

33
Q

Sharing is not always

A

equal

34
Q

Sometimes one atom needs

A

electrons more

35
Q

The electronegativity value determines an atom

A

needs

36
Q

Polar Covalent

A

1 atom needs electrons more creating unequal sharing

37
Q

Non-polar covalent

A

Both atoms have similar electron needs creating equal sharing

38
Q

only put the prefix mono on the

A

second element

39
Q

mono

A

1

40
Q

di

A

2

41
Q

tri

A

3

42
Q

tetra

A

4

43
Q

penta

A

5

44
Q

hexa

A

6

45
Q

hepta

A

7

46
Q

octa

A

8

47
Q

nona

A

9

48
Q

deca

A

10

49
Q

NO

A

Nitrogen Monoxide

50
Q

Second element always ends in

A

ide

51
Q

H2O

A

Dihydrogen Monoxide

52
Q

Molecules are electrically

A

neutral

53
Q

If the negative charge is evenly distributed around the molecule it is

A

Not Polar

54
Q

If there is an uneven distribution of negative charge the molecule is

A

Polar

55
Q

The three things that determine molecular polarity are

A

Bond polarity, Outside atoms, Molecular shape

56
Q

Polarity is represented by an

A

arrow

57
Q

The arrow always points towards the

A

more electronegative arrow

58
Q

Water

A

H=2.1, O=3.5, 3.5-2.1= 1.4,

59
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

3.5-2.5= 1.0, completely symmetrical linear molecule, nonpolar

60
Q

Boron Trifluoride

A

Triangular planar shape, all outside atoms are the same, all bond polarities are the same, nonpolar

61
Q

BF2Cl

A

a nonsymmetrical molecule, not all outside atoms are the same, bond polarities are not equal= dipole

62
Q

For diatomic molecules, the bond polarity will determine

A

molecular polarity

63
Q

What determines the strength of the attraction between molecules

A

How strong the intermolecular forces are

64
Q

What kind of intermolecular forces have the weakest attraction

A

basic dispersion

65
Q

What is the evidence that a substance has strong intermolecular forces

A

molecules pack together

66
Q

Where does air need to diffuse to be absorbed by the body

A

virtual membrane

67
Q

Does the surface tension need to be high or low to let oxygen through

A

low

68
Q

What is Volatility

A

measure of a substances ability to evaperate

69
Q

What can allow the molecule to vaporize

A

Kinetic energy

70
Q

what kind of medicine depends on the volatility

A

Anestetics

71
Q

How is it best to administer anesthesia

A

gas

72
Q

What intermolecular force would be best in the case of anesthesia

A

weak

73
Q

What creates the forces within a molecule

A

electronegativity

74
Q

What areas have a partial charge within a molecule

A

places with less electronegative charge

75
Q

what are polar molecules attracted to

A

anything with a charge

76
Q

what allows a medication to bind to the receptor or target molecules in the body

A

receptors have partly charged areas that match polarity

77
Q

What causes milk molecules to be attracted to each other

A

it has several lactate molecules that are fatty but also attracted to each other

78
Q

What does the soap act as

A

A sufactants

79
Q

Why don’t babies need surfactant before birth

A

They rely on the oxygen in the mothers blood

Health Science Chemestry (11 decks)

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