Trimester 1 Unit 2 Flashcards
an enzyme that breaks down fat
Lipase
where food is broken down for the small intestine. Both chemical and physical breakdown happens due to the enzymes and the muscle contractions.
Stomach
Enzyme in saliva that breaks chemical bonds
Amylase
the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along
Peristalsis
An enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptide fragments
Pepsin
a mixture of enzymes and partially-digested food that moves to the small intestine
Chyme
Fluid loaded with lipids and salts
Bile
an enzyme that breaks down fat
Lipase
where digestion begins as chewing and saliva start breaking down the food. Both mechanical and physical.
Mouth
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach transports food. No breakdown occurs here.
Esophagus
A muscular and elastic sac serves mainly to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin the chemical digestion of proteins and fat.
Stomach
The digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place. The chyme enters it and mixes with all enzymes and digestive fluids from the pancreas, liver, and duodenum.
Small Intestine
The last section of the digestive system is where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body. Physical breakdown because there are no chemical reactions.
Large Intestine
produced hormones that regulate blood sugar, produce enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and produce sodium bicarbonate.
Pancreas
Produces bile
Liver
A muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion
Gallbladder
Separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
supports, anchors, and separates the liver into the right and left lobe
Falciform Ligament
a tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine
Common Bile Duct
connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct
Cystic Duct
neutralize the chyme-sodium bicarbonate from pancreas, emulsify fats with bile from liver/gallbladder
Duodenum
completes chemical digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules into the bloodstream
Jenjunum
2-3 feet long & finishes absorbing nutrient molecules. Has special ‘traps’ called Peyer’s patches that help regulate the bacterial population
Ileum
carry enzymes and sodium bicarbonate
Pancriatic duct
very muscular section of the large intestine
Haustrum
may serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria
Veriform Appendix
Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
Mechanical Digestion
Enzymes break down food into smaller molecules
Chemical Digestion
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption
Villi
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Number
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
Mass Number
how much of a drug there is
Concentration
the outer surface of an object
Surface Area
mass of 1 and +1 charge
Proton
mass of 1 and 0 charge
Neutron
Mass of almost 0 and charge of -1, found in the nucleus
Electron
Breaks down food into smaller molecules. Absorbs these nutrients into the body.
digestive system
