Trimester 1 Unit 3 Flashcards
Positively charged particles in the nucleus
Protons
Neutral particles found outside the nucleus
Neutrons
Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus
Electrons
Atoms with a charge from gaining or losing electrons. Cannot gain or lose protons or neutrons
Ions
The same element differs in mass. The only way to occur is for the neutrons to change
Isotopes
If you are not given a charge
protons and electrons are the same
if you are not given a mass
use the one given on the periodic table
Positive charge
lose electrons
Negative charge
gain electrons
electrons are found in the
electron cloud
the electrons fill into
energy levels or rings
the electrons always fill from the
inside to the outside
The first energy level can contain
2 electrons
The second and third energy levels can contain
8 electrons
The average mass between different isotopes
Atomic Mass
Atoms that do not release protons, electrons, or energy from the nucleus and are not radioactive
Stable Isotopes
Radioisotopes spontaneously release particles or energy from its nucleus.
Unstable Isotopes
small energy changes with no change in the nuclei; involves only valence electrons
Chemical Reactions
huge energy changes where protons, neutrons, electrons, and gamma rays can be lost or gained
Nuclear Reactions
Alpha Decay
+2 charge with 4/2He. Alpha particle is the nucleus of helium
Alpha Decay Equation
the mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2.
Beta Decay
an electron leaves the nucleus? 0/-1
Beta Decay Equation
mass number does not change and the atomic number increases by 1.
Gamma Decay
mass number and atomic number don’t change
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Element
Composed of two or more seperate elements
Compound
Basic unit of a chemical element
Atom
Emission of ionizing radiation
Radioactivity
Ionizing radiation consiting of alpha particles
Alpha Radiation
High energy electrons carrying a negative charge
Beta Radiation
Gamma rays
Gamma Radiation
