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Anatomy + Physiology > Trimester 1 Review > Flashcards

Trimester 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

the study of structures like tissues

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

the study of functions like how the tissues work

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3
Q

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A

They depend on each other and focus on the human body, anatomy must be studied before physiology

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4
Q

What is the human body organization from least to most complex?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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5
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

Synthesizes vitamin D, protects, waterproofs, maintains boundaries, aids in the excretion of urea + uric acid, aid in heat loss or retention

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6
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

Protects + supports body organs, framework for motion by muscular action, formation of blood cells, mineral storage

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7
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A

Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, posture maintenance, heat production

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8
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Break down food into absorbable units, excretes indigestible wastes

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9
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

Elimination/extretion of nitrogenous wastes; regulates water, pH balance and electrolytes

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10
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

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11
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

gaseous exchange between the body and environment

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12
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Fast action control system that responds to external and internal changes, uses electric signals

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13
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

houses white blood cells, involved in immunity, picks up loose fluid leaking from blood vessels to filter and return to blood

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14
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Glands that secrete hormones that regulate body processes

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15
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A

Production of offspring

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16
Q

What are two parts of the integumentary system?

A

Skin + Sweat Glands

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17
Q

What are two parts of the skeletal system?

A

Bones + Joints

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18
Q

What are two parts of the muscular system?

A

Skeletal + Cardiac Muscle

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19
Q

What are two parts of the digestive system?

A

Stomach + Esophagus

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20
Q

What are two parts of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys + Urinary Bladder

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21
Q

What are two parts of the circulatory system?

A

Heart + Blood Vessels

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22
Q

What are two parts of the respiratory system?

A

Pharynx + Bronchi

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23
Q

What are two parts of the nervous system?

A

Brain + Spinal Cord

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24
Q

What are two parts of the lymphatic system?

A

Thoracic Duct + Lymph Nodes

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25
Q

What are two parts of the endocrine system?

A

Pinal Gland + Pituitary Gland

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26
Q

What are two parts of the reproductive system?

A

Female: Overies +Uterus
Male: Testes + Penis

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27
Q

What are the eight functions needed to maintain life?

A

Responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, maintaining boundaries, movement, excretion, reproduction, growth

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28
Q

What body system is associated with responsiveness?

A

Nervous

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29
Q

What body system is associated with digestion?

A

Digestive

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30
Q

What body system is associated with metabolism?

A

Endocrine

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31
Q

What body system is associated with maintaining boundaries?

A

Integumentary

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32
Q

What body system is associated with movement?

A

Muscular + Skeletal

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33
Q

What body system is associated with excretion?

A

Digestive, Urinary, Respiratory

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34
Q

What body system is associated with reproduction?

A

Reproductive + Endocrine

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35
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment

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36
Q

How does homeostasis work?

A

It uses receptors to monitor changes, a control center to determine responses, and effectors to shut off or increase the stimuli

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37
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

when the body reduces or shuts off the stimulus like breathing

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38
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

when the body enhances or increases the stimulus like blood clotting

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39
Q

What is disease?

A

Disruption of homeostasis

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40
Q

Why does the medical industry use medical terminology?

A

To reduce the amount of memorization and prevent misunderstandings

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41
Q

What is the human anatomical position?

A

Upright, feet together, eyes, palms, and feet face forward

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42
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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43
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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44
Q

Carpel

A

Wrist

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45
Q

Pubic

A

Genitals

46
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

47
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

48
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back

49
Q

Brachial

A

Upper arm

50
Q

Cephalic Occipital

A

Back of head

51
Q

Superior

A

Above

52
Q

Inferior

A

Below

53
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

54
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front

55
Q

Anterior

A

Front

56
Q

Posterior

A

Back

57
Q

Medial

A

Towards middle

58
Q

Lateral

A

Towards outer side

59
Q

Proximal

A

Close to origin

60
Q

Distal

A

Far from origin

61
Q

What is the median plane?

A

A cut separating the left and right sides of the body

62
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

A cut separating the anterior and posterior

63
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

A cut separating the superior and inferior

64
Q

What is in the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

65
Q

What is in the dorsal cavity?

A

Cranial and spinal

66
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

67
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest unit of life

68
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Serve as a barrier

69
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

Detoxify drugs and involved in lipid metabolism

70
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Make proteins, and involved in protein synthesis

71
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Serve as the control center; house DNA, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope

72
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

The powerhouse of the cell carries out reactions with oxygen

73
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

Detoxify harmful substances like alcohol

74
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies and packages proteins

75
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Involved in cell division

76
Q

What are the steps of mitosis?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

77
Q

What does interphase look like?

A

The cell grows

78
Q

What does prophase look like?

A

Chromosomes are visible as the nuclear envelope disappears

79
Q

What does metaphase look like?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

80
Q

What does anaphase look like?

A

Chromosomes move to opposite poles

81
Q

What does telophase look like?

A

Nuclear membrane reappears

82
Q

What does cytokinesis look like?

A

The cell separates into two identical cells

83
Q

What organelle is responsible for cell division?

A

Centrioles

84
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of cells that function the same

85
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection of body surfaces, secretion of substances, absorption of substances, filtration of substances

86
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Lots of cells, always one free surface, avascular

87
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Bind body tissues, support body, insulates to maintain body temperature

88
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

Most abundant, mainly EC matrix

89
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

To produce movement

90
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Packed cells, vascular, elongated shape

91
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Communication, regulate body functions, carry electrical signals

92
Q

What are the characteristics of nervous tissues?

A

Non-regenerative and unique structures

93
Q

What does the integumentary system protect the body from?

A

Mechanical (bumps), Chemical (acids + bases), Bacteria, UV Radiation, Thermal (heat), Desicaation (Drying out) damage

94
Q

What substances does the skin excrete?

A

Urea, uric acid +sweat

95
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Papillary (Upper) + Reticular (Deepest)

96
Q

What is the papillary layer?

A

Pain + touch receptors

97
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands

98
Q

What is the hypodermis made of?

A

Adipose tissue

99
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

Achor skin to underlying organs

100
Q

What is melanin?

A

Skin pigment

101
Q

Where is melanin found?

A

Stratum basle of the epidermis

102
Q

What is the muscle that causes goosebumps?

A

Arrecter pili muscle, smooth muscle that is connected to hair

103
Q

What gland produces oil?

A

Sebaceaous glands (empty into hair follicles or skin)

104
Q

What gland produces sweat?

A

Sudoriferous Glands (widely distributed)

105
Q

What is the deepest layer of skin?

A

The hypodermis

106
Q

What skin layer contains nerves?

A

The dermis

107
Q

What skin layer is vascular?

A

The dermis

108
Q

What skin layer contains adipose tissue?

A

The hypodermis

109
Q

What skin layer contains sweat and oil glands?

A

The dermis

110
Q

What layer of skin contains a hair follicle?

A

The dermis

111
Q

What skin layer contains pores?

A

The dermis

Anatomy + Physiology (6 decks)

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