The Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the functions of body membranes?
Cover body surfaces, line body cavities, form protective sheets around organs
What are the classifications of Epithelial membranes?
Cutaneous, mucous, serous
What is the classification of connective tissue membranes?
Synovial
What is the Cutaneous Membrane?
Skin, dry membrane, and outermost protective boundary
What is the superficial epidermis composed of?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the underlying dermis composed of?
Dense connective tissue
What do mucous membranes do?
Line all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface for absorption or secretion
What do serous membranes do?
line open body cavities that are closed to the exterior body surface, occur in pairs separated by serous fluid
What does the visceral layer of the serous membrane do?
cover the outside of the organ
What does the parietal layer of the serous membrane do?
line a portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity
Where is the peritoneum?
Abdominal cavity
Where is the pleura?
Around the lungs
Where is the pericardium?
around the heart
What is the integumentary system composed of?
Skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails
What is the Skin’s functions?
Protect deeper tissues, aid in heat loss or retention, aid in excretion of urea and uric acid, synthesize vitamin D
What does the skin protect from?
Mechanical damage (bumps), Chemical damage (acids + bases), Bacterial damage, Ultraviolet radiation (sunlight), Thermal damage (heat or cold), Desiccation (drying out)
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What is the Epidermis?
The outermost layer of the skin that consists of 5 layers
What is the epidermis made up of?
stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized to prevent water loss, avascular
What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?
Stratum basle, stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum comeum
What is the dermis?
the middle layer of skin, made up of dense connective tissue, very vascular
What are the layers of the dermis?
The papillary layer (upper dermal region) and the reticular layer (deepest skin layer)
What is the papillary layer?
projections called dermal papillae, some contain capillary loops, others have pain and touch receptors
What is the reticular layer?
Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, deep pressure receptors
What is the hypodermis?
subcutaneous tissue, not technically part of the skin, anchors skin to the underlying organs, composed of mostly adipose tissue
What are skin appendages?
cutaneous glands (sebaceous glands, sweat glands), hair, hair follicles, nails
What are sebaceous glands?
Oil glands, ducts empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surface
What do sebaceous glands do?
Produce oil, lubricate skin, prevent brittle hair, kill bacteria
What are sudoriferous glands?
Sweat glands that are widely distributed in the skin
What do sudoriferous glands do?
Produce sweat
What are the types of sudoriferous glands?
Eccrine and Apocrine
What are eccrine glands?
Open via duct to pore on the skin surface, produce sweat
What are apocrine glands?
Ducts empty into hair follicles, function at puberty, and release sweat that also contains fatty acids and proteins
What does hair consist of?
hard keratinized epithelial cells, melanocytes provide pigment for color
What makes up nails?
Central medulla, cortex surrounds medulla, cuticle on the outside of the cortex
What is a hair follicle?
Dermal and epidermal sheath surrounding hair root
What is the arrector pili muscle?
Smooth muscle that pulls hair upright when cold or frightened, connected to hair
What are nails composed of?
Scale-like modifications of the epidermis, stratum basle extends beneath the nail bed
