Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The study of the structures within the human body
What is microscopic anatomy?
Studying smaller structures and requires a microscope
What is gross anatomy?
Studying larger structures through dissections
How do you identify structures within organ systems?
Size, Shape, and Location
What is physiology?
The study of the function within the body
What processes are involved within the body?
Chemical, Physical, Electrical
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
Depends upon one another, Structure determines function, and Anatomy must be studied first
How is the human body organized?
from simple to complex
What are the levels of human body organization?
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
What are atoms?
Smallest nonliving unit to build a living thing
What are molecules?
Atoms joined together by chemical bonds
What are macromolecules?
Larger molecules like protein, carbohydrates, and lipids
What are organelles?
Made up of macromolecules, small parts that do different jobs for the cell
What is the chemical level made up of?
Atoms, molecules, macromolecules and organelles
What is the cellular level?
The smallest unit of the body, the building block of living things
What is the tissue level?
Cells similar in structure and function joined together
What are the types of tissues?
Epithelial, muscle. connective, and nervous
What is the organ level?
when groups of different tissues work together and form an organ
What is an organ system?
Groups of organs that perform related functions interact to accomplish a common activity
What is an organism?
All cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems together
What is the function of the Integamentary System?
Synthesizes vitamin D, protects, waterproofs, maintains boundaries
What are the structures in the Integumentary System?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
What is the function of the Skeletal System?
Protect and support organs, framework for motion by muscular system action, formation of blood cells, mineral storage
What are the structures in the Skeletal System?
Bones, joints, cartilage
What is the function of the Muscular System?
Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, posture maintenance, heat production
What are the structures in the Muscular System?
Skeletal muscles
What is the function of the Digestive System?
Breaks down food into absorbable units and excretes indigestible wastes
What are the structures in the Digestive System?
Esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus
What is the function of the Urinary System?
Elimination of nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of body
What are the structures in the Urinary System?
Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
What is the function of the Circulatory System?
Delivers oxygen & nutrients to body tissues
What are the structures in the Circulatory System?
Heart, blood vessels
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
Gaseous exchange between body and environment
What is the function of the Nervous System?
Fast action control system, responds to external & internal changes, uses electrical signals
What are the structures in the Respiratory System?
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What is the function of the Lymphatic System?
Houses white blood cells, involved in immunity, pick up fluid leaking from blood vessels, filters it & returns it to blood
What are the structures in the Nervous System?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
What is the function of the
What are the structures in the Lymphatic System?
The thoracic duct, lymph nodes
What is the function of the Endocrine System?
Glands secrete hormones that regulate body processes
What are the structures in the Endocrine System?
The pineal gland, pituitary gland
What is the function of the Reproductive System?
The production of offspring
What are the structures in the Reproductive System?
Testes, penis, prostate gland, ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes
What is Homeostasis?
The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
When does homeostasis occur?
When the body’s needs are being met and is functioning smoothly
What is needed to maintain life?
Responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, maintaining boundaries, movement, excretion, reproduction, growth
What are survival needs?
Nutrients, oxygen, water, stable body temperature, atmospheric pressure
What is homeostasis imbalance?
A disruption of homeostasis called disease
What is local disease?
Affects a limited area of the body
What is a systemic disease?
Affects entire body or several parts
