Muscular System Flashcards
How are muscles named?
Direction, number of origins, location, location of origin and insertion, shape, action, and size of muscles
What is weightlifting an example of?
Resistance training
What is an extension?
Straightening
What is an inversion?
turning the sole of the foot medially
What is an abduction?
Moving a limb away from the midline
What is an Adduction?
Moving limb toward the midline
What are myosin filaments also known as?
Thin filaments
What is muscle fatigue caused by?
Oxygen debt
What is the origin?
Attachment to a immovable bone
What is an insertion?
Attachment to a movable bone
What is a prime mover?
muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
What is a Synergist?
Muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
What is an antagonist?
Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
What muscles have striations?
Skeletal and cardiac
Where is the I band found?
Thin filaments
Where is the A band found?
The entire length of the thick filaments
What is a sarcomere?
Contractile unit of a muscle fiber
What are Myosin (Thick) Filaments composed of?
Cross bridges heads, ATPase enzymes
What are Actin (Thin) Filiments composed of?
Actin protein, anchored to the Z disc
What is the H-Zone?
A zone that lacks Actin filaments during rest
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Surrounds the myofibril and stores and releases calcium
What is excitability?
Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
What is contractility?
The ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received
What is extensibility?
Ability of muscle cells to be stretched
What is a twitch?
Single, brief contraction
What are summing of contractions?
One contraction immediately followed by another
What is unfused (incomplete) tetanus?
When some relaxation occurs in between contractions
What are fused (complete) tetanus?
No relaxation before contractions, smooth and sustained contraction
What is aerobic respiration?
Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy
What is anaerobic glycolysis?
Breaks down glucose without oxygen, forms lactic acid
What is an isotonic contraction?
Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions which causes muscles to shorten and cause movement
What is an isometric contraction?
Tension rises in muscles which makes the muscle unable to shorten and no movement is produced
What does Aerobic (endurance) exercise do?
Makes stronger muscles, greater resistance to muscle fatigue, more efficient metabolism, improves digestion and coordination
What does isometric (resistance) exercise do?
Increase muscle size and strength
