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Biological Molecules > Triglycerides and Phospholids > Flashcards

Triglycerides and Phospholids Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

They are a type of lipid that are mainly used as energy storage molecules

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2
Q

How are lipids formed?

A

By the condensation reaction of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid

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3
Q

What are the monomers of lipids?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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4
Q

What type of bonds are formed between glycerol and fatty acid chains?

A

Ester bonds

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5
Q

What is released per ester bond?

A

One water molecule

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6
Q

How many molecules of water are released per triglyceride formed?

A

3 molecules of water

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7
Q

Do fatty acids have long or short ‘tails’?

A

They have long ‘tails’

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8
Q

What are the tails of fatty acids made of?

A

A chain of hydrocarbons

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9
Q

Are fatty acids saturated or unsaturated?

A

They can be either

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10
Q

What is palmitate? Saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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11
Q

Where is chemical energy stored in fatty acids?

A

The hydrocarbon tails

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12
Q

How does chemical energy being stored in the hydrocarbon tails help?

A

Lots of energy can be released when triglycerides are broken down

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13
Q

Why are triglycerides insoluble in water?

A

The fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

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14
Q

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

Fatty acid tails

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15
Q

Why is it important that triglycerides repel water (are insoluble in water)?

A

Because if they didn’t repel water, the water would enter the cell through osmosis. This would make the cells swell up.

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16
Q

Why do the insoluble triglycerides crowd together as droplets?

A

Because the hydrophobic fatty acid tails face inwards

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17
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

A type of lipid that forms a bilayer

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18
Q

What are phospholipids the main component of in cells and their responsibility?

A

They are the main component of cell membranes and are responsible for controlling what goes into and out of the cells

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19
Q

How are phospholipids and triglycerides similar in structure?

A

They are both composed of fatty acid chains attached to glycerol

20
Q

What is the main difference in structure between phospholipids and triglycerides?

A

Instead of the 3 hydrophobic fatty acid tails like in the triglycerides the phospholipids have 2 and one hydrophilic phosphate group

21
Q

How many fatty acid chains do phospholipids have?

A

They have 2

22
Q

In membranes where do the hydrophobic fatty acids face?

A

Where there is no water

23
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

Phosphate head

24
Q

In membranes where does the hydrophilic phosphate group face?

A

Attracted towards the water

25
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids?

A

Unsaturated lipids have double bonds whereas saturated do not

26
Q

What is a hydrocarbon chain?

A

It is a chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms formed by covalent bonds

27
Q

What are saturated lipids usually at room temperature?

A

Mainly animal fats / solid

28
Q

What is it called when a lipid has one double bond?

A

It is mono-unsaturated

29
Q

What is it called when a lipid has more than one double bond?

A

A polyunsaturated fat

30
Q

What do double bonds cause in a chain?

A

A kink

31
Q

What does the kink caused by double bonds prevent?

A

Chains packing too closely together

32
Q

What state are unsaturated lipids at room temp?

A

Liquids i.e. oils

33
Q

How do you get saturated fatty acids?

A

If there are only single bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain

34
Q

What type of bonds do carbon atoms have in saturated fatty acids?

A

Single

35
Q

What state are saturated fats at room temperature?

A

Solid

36
Q

Where do saturated fats usually originate from?

A

Animals

37
Q

What type of disease are linked to saturated fats in humans?

A

Cardiovascular disease

38
Q

Examples of foods with a high proportion of saturated fat are:

A

Cream, cheese, butter, other whole milk dairy products and fatty meals

39
Q

How do you get unsaturated fats?

A

When the hydrocarbon chain contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms, then it is unsaturated

40
Q

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Their hydrocarbon tails

41
Q

What is an example of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Cooking oils

42
Q

What state are unsaturated fats at room temperature?

A

Liquid

43
Q

Why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temperature?

A

Double bonds kink the carbon chain so unsaturated fats cannot pack together tightly

44
Q

What fat has double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail?

A

Unsaturated fats

45
Q

What type of atoms are saturated atoms ‘saturated’ with?

A

Hydrogen

Biological Molecules (12 decks)

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