Amino Acids & The Peptide Bond Flashcards
What are proteins?
Polymers (and macromolecules) made of monomers called amino acids
What does the sequence, type and number of amino acids within a protein determine?
It’s shape and function
What do proteins form? (7 examples)
Enzymes
Cell membrane proteins
Hormones
Immunoproteins
Transport proteins
Structural proteins
Contractile proteins
What are amino acids?
The monomers of proteins
How many amino acids are there found in proteins common to all living organisms?
20
The general structure of all amino acids is a central carbon atom bonded to…? (4 things)
- an amine group (NH2)
- a carboxylic acid group (COOH)
- a hydrogen atom
- an R group
What happens to form a peptide bond?
A hydroxyl (-OH) is lost from the carboxylic group of one amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from the amine group of another amino acid
What does the remaining carbon atom (with the double bonded oxygen) from the first amino acid bond to in the second amino acid?
The nitrogen atom
What reaction is taking place in forming the peptide bond? What is released?
Condensation reaction, water is released
What are dipeptides formed by?
The condensation of two amino acids
What are polypeptides formed by?
The condensation of many (3 or more) amino acids
How many polypeptide chains could a protein have?
May have only one polypeptide chain or may have multiple interacting with each other
What happens during the hydrolysis reaction of the peptide bonds?
The addition of water breaks the peptide bonds resulting in polypeptides being broken down into amino acids
What type of bond is the peptide bond?
Covalent
