Disaccharides Flashcards
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides bonded together
What bond are the monosaccharides joined together by?
Glycosidic bond
What reaction forms disaccharides?
A condensation reaction
glucose + glucose ->
Maltose + water
glucose + galactose ->
Lactose + water
glucose + fructose ->
Sucrose + water
What happens in a condensation reaction?
You are joining two molecules together by removing water
What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?
You are splitting apart molecules through the addition of water
What carbons join in a condensation reaction?
Carbon 1 and carbon 4
What is the carbon 1 and carbon 4 bond joined via
An oxygen
What is the bond holding monosaccharides together known as?
A 1-4 glycosidic bond
How do you hydrolyse a disaccharide back into two monosaccharides?
Through adding the water back in that was taken out to form the disaccharide
During which processes are polymers hydrolysed in the body into monomers?
- Digestion (eg. Starch into glucose)
- Glycogenolysis - stores of glycogen hydrolysed back into glucose when blood sugar levels drop
What catalyses hydrolysis in the body?
Enzymes
