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Biological Molecules > Monomers, polymers and monosaccharides > Flashcards

Monomers, polymers and monosaccharides Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

One of many small molecules that combine together to form a polymer

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2
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together

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3
Q

What are the 3 polymers of the monomer glucose?

A

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

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4
Q

What is the polymer of the monomer amino acid?

A

Protein

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5
Q

What is the polymer of the monomer nucleotide?

A

DNA & RNA

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

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7
Q

What are the 3 monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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8
Q

What are the 3 disaccharides?

A

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

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9
Q

What are the 3 polysaccharides?

A

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

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10
Q

What are the 3 elements that all carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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11
Q

How many units do monomers contain?

A

1 single unit

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12
Q

How many units do dimers contain?

A

2 units bonded together

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13
Q

How many units do polymers contain?

A

Many units of monomers bonded together

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14
Q

What is the chemical formula of glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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15
Q

How are carbons arranged in the hexagonal shape of alpha and beta glucose?

A

5 carbons within the hexagon and the 6th comes off the top bond

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16
Q

When numbering carbons where do you begin?

A

You start from the right of the oxygen

17
Q

How many isomers of glucose are there?

A

Two

18
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

19
Q

Do alpha and beta glucose have the same molecular formula?

A

Yes (both C6H12O6)

20
Q

What is the key difference between the structure of alpha and beta glucose?

A

On carbon 1 where the OH and H are swapped.

Biological Molecules (12 decks)

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