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Biological Molecules > Polysaccharides > Flashcards

Polysaccharides Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are polysaccharides formed?

A

Created by condensation reactions between many glucose monomers

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2
Q

Where is starch found?

A

Plants

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3
Q

What is starch a store of?

A

Glucose

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4
Q

Where is cellulose found?

A

Plants

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5
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

For structural strength

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6
Q

Where is glycogen found?

A

Animals

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7
Q

What is glycogen a store of?

A

Glucose

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8
Q

What is starch formed from? (Names included)

A

Two polymers of alpha glucose: amylose and amylopeptin

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9
Q

Where is starch found in plant cells?

A

In starch grains

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10
Q

What is the function of starch?

A

It is an insoluble source of glucose

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11
Q

What process is amylose created from?

A

Condensation reaction (removal of water)

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12
Q

What bond does amylose form?

A

1-4 glycosidic

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13
Q

The unbranched chain of amylose coils to make what shape?

A

Helix

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14
Q

What process is amylopectin formed by?

A

Condensation reactions

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15
Q

What bonds does amylopectin have on the straight chain?

A

1-4 glycosidic

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16
Q

What bond does amylopectin have when it branches off into a branched chain?

A

1-6 glycosidic

17
Q

What is glycogen formed from?

A

Alpha glucose

18
Q

Where is glycogen found on animals?

A

Muscle and liver cells

19
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

An insoluble store of glucose

20
Q

What bond does glycogen have on the straight chain?

A

1-4 glycosidic bonds

21
Q

What bond does glycogen have which creates a branch?

A

1-6 glycosidic

22
Q

As glycogen has many glycosidic bonds branching off each other what is it known as?

A

A highly branched polymer

23
Q

Does glycogen have more or less glycosidic bonds compared to amylopectin?

A

More

24
Q

Can glycogen be compacted easily?

A

Yes

25
Q

What is cellulose formed from?

A

Beta glucose

26
Q

Where is cellulose found?

A

In the cell wall of plant cells

27
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

Provides structural strength to cell wall

28
Q

How is cellulose formed?

A

Many condensation reactions

29
Q

What bonds are beta glucose joined by in condensation reactions to form cellulose?

A

1-4 glycosidic

30
Q

Does cellulose contain 1-6 glycosidic bonds?

A

No

31
Q

What structure does cellulose have with the 1-4 glycosidic bonds?

A

Long, straight polymer chains of beta glucose

32
Q

What do the long, straight chains of beta glucose do?

A

Line up parallel to each other

33
Q

How are the parallel lines of beta glucose held together?

A

Many hydrogen bonds

34
Q

What is the term for long, straight, parallel chains being held together by hydrogen bonds?

A

A fibril

35
Q

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?

A

Weak

36
Q

Why are the hydrogen bonds able to hold the parallel chains of beta glucose in place?

A

The large collective number provides strength

Biological Molecules (12 decks)

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