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Biological Molecules > Nucleic acids > Flashcards

Nucleic acids Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Nucleic acids?

A

Information carrying molecules

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2
Q

What is DNA?

A

A polynucleotide made up of repeating nucleotide monomers.

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3
Q

What is a nucleotide formed of (DNA)

A

A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing organic base

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4
Q

What are the four bases of DNA?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine

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5
Q

What does DNA hold?

A

Genetic information

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6
Q

What is RNA?

A

A short polynucleotide made up of repeating nucleotide monomers.

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7
Q

What is a nucleotide formed of (RNA)?

A

A ribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing organic base

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8
Q

What are the four bases of RNA?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

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9
Q

What does RNA do?

A

Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

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10
Q

What is a DNA molecule?

A

A double helix made up of two polynucleotide chains

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11
Q

What bond forms between two nucleotides? What is removed and what reaction is this?

A

A phosphodiester bond forms between two nucleotides and a water molecule is removed (condensation reaction)

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12
Q

What are the two polynucleotide chains held together by in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on opposite strands

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13
Q

How is the DNA molecule able to replicate?

A

Using a semi-conservative process

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14
Q

What does DNA helicase cause?

A

Causes the DNA molecule to unwind and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases

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15
Q

What happens after DNA helicase in the semi conservative process?

A

The two polynucleotide strands separate

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16
Q

What happens after the two polynucleotide strands separate in the semi conservative process?

A

Each original strand acts as a template to build a new strand. Free nucleotides in the nucleus are attracted to exposed bases on the template strand and position themselves using the base pairing rule (A=T) (C=(x3)G)

17
Q

What happens after the base pairing rule in the semi conservative process?

A

DNA polymerase joins adjacent nucleotides in a condensation reaction creating a new polynucleotide strand

18
Q

In DNA replication, what do the two daughter DNA molecules consist of?

A

One original parent strand and one newly synthesised strand.

Biological Molecules (12 decks)

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