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Neuroendocrine- Exam 1 > Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

where does the superficial fascia lie?

A

between the dermis and the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

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2
Q

what are the 3 fascial layers (sheaths) of the deep cervical fascia?

A

investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral

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3
Q

what is the most superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia?

A

the investing layer

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4
Q

what does the investing layer enclose?

A

the SCM and trapezius muscle; the parotid and submandibular glands

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5
Q

where is the pretracheal fascia located?

A

in the anterior neck

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6
Q

what does the pretracheal fascia blend with?

A

pericardium

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7
Q

what does the pretracheal fascia contain?

A

the infrahyoid muscles and buccopharyngeal fascia

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8
Q

what does the prevertebral fascia enclose?

A

the vertebral column and associated muscles

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9
Q

What does the carotid sheath cover?

A

carotids, IJV, and vagus nerve

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10
Q

where is the retropharyngeal space located?

A

posterior to pharynx and esophagus

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the retropharyngeal space?

A

it permits movement of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus during swallowing

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12
Q

what provides an easy route for upper respiratory or oral infections to spread?

A

retropharyngeal space

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13
Q

What does the retropharyngeal space separate?

A

the carotid sheath and the pretracheal fascia from the prevertebral fascia

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14
Q

what is the structure separating the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck?

A

the SCM muscle

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15
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle fo the neck?

A

posterior border of the SCM (anterior border), anterior border of the trapezius (posterior border) and the middle third of the clavicle (inferior border)

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16
Q

what are the borders of the anterior border of the neck?

A

midline of neck (anterior boundary), anterior border of the SCM (posterior border), inferior border of the mandible (superior border)

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17
Q

How is the posterior triangle further broken down?

A

into occipital and supraclavicular triangles

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18
Q

What separates the occipital triangle from the supraclavicular triangle?

A

the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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19
Q

what fascia makes up the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

prevertebral fascia

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20
Q

What cutaneous nerves emerge from beneath the SCM and enter the occipital triangle?

A

lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, and suprascapular nerve

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21
Q

What is the main nerve found in the posterior triangle?

A

spinal accessory nerve

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22
Q

What are the muscles found on the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

splenius capitis m, levator scapulae, posterior scalene, middle scalene, inferior belly of omohyoid, sometimes inferior portion of anterior scalene (usually hidden under SCM)

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23
Q

Where does the posterior scalene originate from?

A

the posterior tubercles of C5-C7 transverse processes

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24
Q

where does the posterior scalene insert onto?

A

2nd rib

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25
Q

where does the middle scalene muscle originate from?

A

posterior tubercles of C2-C7 transverse processes

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26
Q

where does the middle scalene muscle insert into?

A

superior 1st rib

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27
Q

where does the anterior scalene originate from?

A

anterior C3-C6 transverse processes

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28
Q

where does the anterior scalene insert onto?

A

1st rib

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29
Q

contraction or shortening of the cervical muscles that produces twisting of the neck and slanting of the head

A

torticollis

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30
Q

what is congenital torticollis?

A

when a fibrous tissue tumor within the SCM causes the head to turn to the side and the face to turn away from the affected side

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31
Q

What is muscular torticollis?

A

when the SCM is injured during a difficult birth, tearing its fibers which leads to a hematoma

32
Q

what is the motor innervation of the SCM?

A

spinal accessory nerve

33
Q

what is the pain and proprioception innervation of the SCM?

A

C3 and C4

34
Q

What anterior rami make up the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

35
Q

What makes up the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, and C5

36
Q

what is the role of the phrenic nerves?

A

provide the sole motor supply to the diaphragm as well as sensation to its central part

37
Q

what are the branches of the first region of the subclavian artery?

A

internal thoracic, vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk

38
Q

what are the branches of the second region of the subclavian artery?

A

costocervical trunk

39
Q

what branches off the costocervical trunk?

A

superior intercostal and deep cervical artery

40
Q

what branches off the third region of the subclavian artery?

A

dorsal scapular artery

41
Q

what branches off the thyrocervical trunk?

A

inferior thyroid artery, suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery

42
Q

What are the sub triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

carotid, submandibular, muscular, and submental

43
Q

what are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

SCM, superior belly of the omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

44
Q

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and mandible

45
Q

what are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

SCM, superior belly of the omohyoid and midline from hyoid to manubrium

46
Q

what are the borders of the submental triangle?

A

both anterior bellies of digastric and hyoid bone

47
Q

what makes up the floor of the submental triangle?

A

two mylohyoid muscles

48
Q

where do the two mylohyoid muscles meet?

A

in a median fibrous raphe

49
Q

What is the suprahyoid region?

A

the submental/submandibular triangle

50
Q

what makes up the suprahyoid region?

A

myohyoid m, geniohyoid m, digastric m, and the submandibular gland

51
Q

what makes up the digastric region?

A

digastric muscle(2 bellies), stylohyoid muscle, hyoglossal muscle

52
Q

What are the infra hyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

53
Q

What are the infra hyoid muscles also known as?

A

the strap muscles

54
Q

what do you call a loop of nerve fibers in the neck that is part of the cervical plexus of nerves?

A

ansa cervicalis

55
Q

how are the infra hyoid muscles innervated?

A

by the ansa cervicalis and its branches

56
Q

what makes up the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1

57
Q

what makes up the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

formed by branches of C2 and C3

58
Q

Why is the carotid triangle significant?

A

the common carotid artery ascends into it

59
Q

Where is the carotid sinus located?

A

at site of bifurcation of common carotid artery

60
Q

what does the common carotid artery branch into?

A

internal and external carotid arteries

61
Q

what branches off the external carotid artery?

A

ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, and posterior auricular

62
Q

what does the carotid sinus contain?

A

chemoreceptors and baroreceptors for monitoring O2 and BP levels

63
Q

What does the external carotid artery terminate into?

A

maxillary and superficial temporal arteries

64
Q

where is the thyroid gland located?

A

deep to the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles (from C5-T1)

65
Q

what unites the two lobes of the thyroid?

A

a thin isthmus

66
Q

where is the thyroid gland connected to?

A

cricoid cartilage and superior tracheal rings

67
Q

what is the blood supply for the thyroid gland?

A

inferior and superior thyroid arteries and veins

68
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

they lie on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in their own capsule

69
Q

the laryngeal skeleton consists of how many cartilages?

A

Nine- 3 are single and 3 are paired

70
Q

what are the unpaired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?

A

thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid

71
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?

A

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

72
Q

what are the nerves of the larynx?

A

superior and inferior laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve

73
Q

What is the blood supply of the larynx?

A

superior laryngeal artery off the superior thyroid artery and the inferior laryngeal artery off the inferior thyroid artery

74
Q

Where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located?

A

along the course of the EJV

75
Q

where does the main group of deep cervical lymph nodes form a chain?

A

along the IJV

76
Q

What contains all of the lymph fluid from the chest, lower extremity, and abdomen?

A

the thoracic duct

Neuroendocrine- Exam 1 (11 decks)

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