Ear

Question 1

the auricle of the ear receives its blood supply by what?

Answer 1

the posterior auricular and superficial temporal vessels

Question 2

sensory innervation of the auricle is via what?

Answer 2

the great auricular nerve (cervical plexus) and the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

Question 3

what glands are located in the external acoustic meatus?

Answer 3

ceruminous glands (make wax) and sebaceous glands

Question 4

the outside layer of the tympanic membrane is lined with what?

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

the inside layer of the tympanic membrane is lined with what?

Answer 5

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 6

the tip of the tympanic membrane is known as what?

Answer 6

umbo

Question 7

the tympanic membrane transmits sound to what?

Answer 7

the ossicles of the ear

Question 8

the external surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by what?

Answer 8

auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

Question 9

the inner surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by what?

Answer 9

by a small branch of CN V3 and by a small auricular branch of the vagus nerve

Question 10

what often causes a perforated tympanic membrane?

Answer 10

abnormal increase in the medial ear pressure or external trauma

Question 11

where is the middle ear located?

Answer 11

in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Question 12

what are the two parts pf the middle ear?

Answer 12

tympanic cavity proper and the epitympanic recess

Question 13

what is the purpose of the pharyngotympanic/ eustachian tube?

Answer 13

connects the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx–> equalizes the pressure

Question 14

what is the pharyngotympanic/eustachian tube opened by?

Answer 14

levator veli palatine, tensor veli palatine, and salpinopharyngeus muscles

Question 15

what are the three auditory ossicles?

Answer 15

malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 16

what does the stapes attach to besides the incus?

Answer 16

the oval window

Question 17

what two muscles are associated with the auditory ossicles?

Answer 17

tensor tympani and stapedius muscle

Question 18

What is the role of the tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 18

it protects from too large of a mechanical wave that is being transmitted to the ear

Question 19

what is the role of the stapedius muscle?

Answer 19

it dampens the sound that is being transmitted to the inner ear

Question 20

what is otitis media?

Answer 20

ear ache with possible fluid or pus in the middle ear

Question 21

how can mastoiditis spread into the cranial fossa?

Answer 21

via the petrosquamous cranial suture

Question 22

what are the three parts of the bony labyrinth?

Answer 22

semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea

Question 23

what is contained within the vestibule of the bony labyrinth?

Answer 23

saccule and utricle

Question 24

what lies within the bony labyrinth?

Answer 24

the membranous labyrinth

Question 25

what are the two parts of the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 25

the vestibular division and the cochlear division

Question 26

what is contained within the vestibular division of the membranous labyrinth and what is its purpose?

Answer 26

semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule; balance and orientation

Question 27

what is the purpose of the cochlear division of the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 27

sound

Question 28

where are the sensory cells of the ear found?

Answer 28

3 cristae ampullaris, 2 maculae, and one organ of corti

Question 29

what is the role of the mechanosensory cells?

Answer 29

they convert mechanical energy into electrical energy transmitted via CN VIII

Question 30

where is the perilymphatic space located?

Answer 30

between the bony and membranous labyrinths

Question 31

where is the endolympathic space located?

Answer 31

within the membranous labyrinth

Question 32

what is the ion concentration of endolymph?

Answer 32

high in K+ but low in Na+

Question 33

where does the endolymph drain into?

Answer 33

venous sinuses of dura mater via endolymphatic duct

Question 34

where does perilymph drain into?

Answer 34

into subarachnoid space via perilymphatic duct

Question 35

what is the name for the one true cilia?

Answer 35

kinocilium

Question 36

where is the kinocilium located?

Answer 36

behind the tallest stereocilia

Question 37

if deflected toward the tallest stereocilia, what happens to the K+ channels in the stereocilia?

Answer 37

they open

Question 38

what is the cochlear duct divided into?

Answer 38

scala media, scala vestibuli, and scala tympani

Question 39

what is contained within the kinocilium?

Answer 39

microtubules

Question 40

which system has the kinocilium with microtubules?

Answer 40

vestibular system

Question 41

which system does not have the cilia structure but only the basal body?

Answer 41

auditory system

Question 42

How hair hair cells innervated?

Answer 42

both efferently and afferently

Question 43

which part of the cochlear duct contains the endolymph?

Answer 43

the scala media

Question 44

what is the lateral wall of the scala media known as?

Answer 44

stria vascularis

Question 45

what is significant about the stria vascularis?

Answer 45

it is the source of endolymph

Question 46

where is the organ of corti located?

Answer 46

on the floor of the scala media resting on the basilar membrane

Question 47

how many rows of outer hair cells are there on the organ of corti?

Answer 47

3 rows

Question 48

how many rows of inner hair cells are there on the organ of corti?

Answer 48

1 single row

Question 49

which region is moved by the stapes at the oval window?

Answer 49

scala vestibuli

Question 50

which region is connected to the round window?

Answer 50

scala tympani

Question 51

where would high frequency sounds be detected at?

Answer 51

near the base of the cochlea

Question 52

where would low frequency sounds be detected at?

Answer 52

closer to the tip of the duct

Question 53

which part of the ear is damaged with conductive hearing loss?

Answer 53

outer or middle ear

Question 54

which part of the ear is damaged with sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 54

inner ear

Question 55

which hearing loss is age-related or noise induced?

Answer 55

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 56

What is the issue with central hearing loss?

Answer 56

a problem with the CNS

Question 57

what do the ends of the semicircular canals have?

Answer 57

ampullas

Question 58

What is the cap of the ampulla called?

Answer 58

cupula

Question 59

what is the purpose of the cupula?

Answer 59

serves as a sensor for rotational velocity

Question 60

what do the utricle and saccule contain?

Answer 60

each contain a macula

Question 61

what does a macula consist of?

Answer 61

a cluster of hair cells with an overlying otolithic membrane and that membrane is covered with crystals called otoconia

Question 62

what is the role of the otoconia found within a macula?

Answer 62

serve as sensors for gravity and linear acceleration

Question 63

What is Meniere's syndrome related to?

Answer 63

increase in endolymph volume leading to abnormal signaling