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Neuroendocrine- Exam 1 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

the auricle of the ear receives its blood supply by what?

A

the posterior auricular and superficial temporal vessels

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2
Q

sensory innervation of the auricle is via what?

A

the great auricular nerve (cervical plexus) and the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

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3
Q

what glands are located in the external acoustic meatus?

A

ceruminous glands (make wax) and sebaceous glands

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4
Q

the outside layer of the tympanic membrane is lined with what?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

the inside layer of the tympanic membrane is lined with what?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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6
Q

the tip of the tympanic membrane is known as what?

A

umbo

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7
Q

the tympanic membrane transmits sound to what?

A

the ossicles of the ear

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8
Q

the external surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by what?

A

auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

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9
Q

the inner surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by what?

A

by a small branch of CN V3 and by a small auricular branch of the vagus nerve

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10
Q

what often causes a perforated tympanic membrane?

A

abnormal increase in the medial ear pressure or external trauma

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11
Q

where is the middle ear located?

A

in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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12
Q

what are the two parts pf the middle ear?

A

tympanic cavity proper and the epitympanic recess

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13
Q

what is the purpose of the pharyngotympanic/ eustachian tube?

A

connects the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx–> equalizes the pressure

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14
Q

what is the pharyngotympanic/eustachian tube opened by?

A

levator veli palatine, tensor veli palatine, and salpinopharyngeus muscles

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15
Q

what are the three auditory ossicles?

A

malleus, incus, and stapes

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16
Q

what does the stapes attach to besides the incus?

A

the oval window

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17
Q

what two muscles are associated with the auditory ossicles?

A

tensor tympani and stapedius muscle

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18
Q

What is the role of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

it protects from too large of a mechanical wave that is being transmitted to the ear

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19
Q

what is the role of the stapedius muscle?

A

it dampens the sound that is being transmitted to the inner ear

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20
Q

what is otitis media?

A

ear ache with possible fluid or pus in the middle ear

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21
Q

how can mastoiditis spread into the cranial fossa?

A

via the petrosquamous cranial suture

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22
Q

what are the three parts of the bony labyrinth?

A

semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea

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23
Q

what is contained within the vestibule of the bony labyrinth?

A

saccule and utricle

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24
Q

what lies within the bony labyrinth?

A

the membranous labyrinth

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25
Q

what are the two parts of the membranous labyrinth?

A

the vestibular division and the cochlear division

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26
Q

what is contained within the vestibular division of the membranous labyrinth and what is its purpose?

A

semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule; balance and orientation

27
Q

what is the purpose of the cochlear division of the membranous labyrinth?

A

sound

28
Q

where are the sensory cells of the ear found?

A

3 cristae ampullaris, 2 maculae, and one organ of corti

29
Q

what is the role of the mechanosensory cells?

A

they convert mechanical energy into electrical energy transmitted via CN VIII

30
Q

where is the perilymphatic space located?

A

between the bony and membranous labyrinths

31
Q

where is the endolympathic space located?

A

within the membranous labyrinth

32
Q

what is the ion concentration of endolymph?

A

high in K+ but low in Na+

33
Q

where does the endolymph drain into?

A

venous sinuses of dura mater via endolymphatic duct

34
Q

where does perilymph drain into?

A

into subarachnoid space via perilymphatic duct

35
Q

what is the name for the one true cilia?

A

kinocilium

36
Q

where is the kinocilium located?

A

behind the tallest stereocilia

37
Q

if deflected toward the tallest stereocilia, what happens to the K+ channels in the stereocilia?

A

they open

38
Q

what is the cochlear duct divided into?

A

scala media, scala vestibuli, and scala tympani

39
Q

what is contained within the kinocilium?

A

microtubules

40
Q

which system has the kinocilium with microtubules?

A

vestibular system

41
Q

which system does not have the cilia structure but only the basal body?

A

auditory system

42
Q

How hair hair cells innervated?

A

both efferently and afferently

43
Q

which part of the cochlear duct contains the endolymph?

A

the scala media

44
Q

what is the lateral wall of the scala media known as?

A

stria vascularis

45
Q

what is significant about the stria vascularis?

A

it is the source of endolymph

46
Q

where is the organ of corti located?

A

on the floor of the scala media resting on the basilar membrane

47
Q

how many rows of outer hair cells are there on the organ of corti?

A

3 rows

48
Q

how many rows of inner hair cells are there on the organ of corti?

A

1 single row

49
Q

which region is moved by the stapes at the oval window?

A

scala vestibuli

50
Q

which region is connected to the round window?

A

scala tympani

51
Q

where would high frequency sounds be detected at?

A

near the base of the cochlea

52
Q

where would low frequency sounds be detected at?

A

closer to the tip of the duct

53
Q

which part of the ear is damaged with conductive hearing loss?

A

outer or middle ear

54
Q

which part of the ear is damaged with sensorineural hearing loss?

A

inner ear

55
Q

which hearing loss is age-related or noise induced?

A

sensorineural hearing loss

56
Q

What is the issue with central hearing loss?

A

a problem with the CNS

57
Q

what do the ends of the semicircular canals have?

A

ampullas

58
Q

What is the cap of the ampulla called?

A

cupula

59
Q

what is the purpose of the cupula?

A

serves as a sensor for rotational velocity

60
Q

what do the utricle and saccule contain?

A

each contain a macula

61
Q

what does a macula consist of?

A

a cluster of hair cells with an overlying otolithic membrane and that membrane is covered with crystals called otoconia

62
Q

what is the role of the otoconia found within a macula?

A

serve as sensors for gravity and linear acceleration

63
Q

What is Meniere’s syndrome related to?

A

increase in endolymph volume leading to abnormal signaling

Neuroendocrine- Exam 1 (11 decks)

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