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Neuroendocrine- Exam 1 > Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

which bones in the neurocranium form by endochondral ossification?

A

occipital bone–> body of sphenoid bone—> ethmoid bone, and the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone

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2
Q

which bones in the neurocranium form by intramembranous ossification?

A

frontal bone and the parietal bones

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3
Q

which bones in the viscerocranium form by endochondral ossification?

A

malleus and incus (PA1), stapes, styloid process of temporal bone, and lesser horn of hyoid bone (PA2), greater horns of hyoid bone (PA3), laryngeal cartilages (PA4)

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4
Q

which bones of the viscercranium form by intramembranous ossification?

A

squamous temporal bones, maxillary, zygomatic bones, and the mandible

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5
Q

what is the term for premature fusion of the sutures?

A

craniosynostosis

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6
Q

which suture is prematurely closed in scaphocephaly?

A

sagittal suture

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7
Q

how does the cranium look with cases of scaphocephaly?

A

long, narrow, and wedge shaped

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8
Q

which suture is prematurely closed in brachycephaly?

A

coronal suture

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9
Q

how does the cranium look in cases of brachycephaly?

A

high, tower-like, dome-shaped

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10
Q

which suture is prematurely closed in plagiocephaly?

A

coronal or lambdoidal suture on ONE SIDE

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11
Q

how does the cranium look in cases of plagiocephaly?

A

twisted and asymmetric

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12
Q

which suture is prematurely closed in trigonocephaly?

A

frontal (metopic) suture

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13
Q

how does the cranium look in cases of trigonocephaly?

A

malformation of the frontal and orbital bones

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14
Q

what are the facial primordia?

A

1 frontonasal prominence, 2 maxillary prominences, and 2 mandibular prominences

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15
Q

what is the term for the primitive mouth?

A

stomodeum

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16
Q

when does the oropharyngeal membrane rupture?

A

day 26

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17
Q

what happens when the oropharyngeal membrane ruptures?

A

facial development begins

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18
Q

what is the first part of the face to form?

A

lower jaw/lower lip

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19
Q

when do nasal placodes form on the inferolateral parts of the FNP?

A

end of the 4th week

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20
Q

what happens when the nasal placode edges proliferate?

A

it produces a medial and lateral nasal prominence

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21
Q

what do the nasal pits eventually form?

A

nostrils and nasal cavities

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22
Q

what do the lateral nasal prominences form?

A

alae (sides) and the nose

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23
Q

what structure in the pharyngeal apparatus forms the external auditory meatus?

A

1st groove

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24
Q

how does the medial nasal prominence move toward the midline?

A

with the maxillary prominences growing toward midline

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25
Q

when the maxillary prominences make contact with the lateral nasal prominences, what does it form?

A

nasolacrimal groove

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26
Q

when will the nasolacrimal groove begin to fill in?

A

by the end of the 6th week

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27
Q

what is the lateral nasal prominence and the maxillary prominence separated by?

A

the nasolacrimal groove

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28
Q

When does facial development occur?

A

between the 4th and 8th weeks

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29
Q

Which pharyngeal arch does the maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence come from?

A

PA 1

30
Q

Where do the MNP and LNP leave and go sit?

A

nasal pit

31
Q

what are nasal placodes derived from?

A

surface ectoderm

32
Q

when do medial nasal prominences merge with maxillary and lateral nasal prominences?

A

between the 7th-10th weeks

33
Q

as the medial nasal prominences merge, what forms?

A

the intermaxillary segment

34
Q

what is considered the premaxillary part of the maxilla?

A

the intermaxillary segment

35
Q

what is considered the core of the philtrum of the upper lip derived from?

A

the intermaxillary segment

36
Q

the surface of the upper lip is derived from what?

A

the maxillary prominence

37
Q

most of the upper lip, maxilla, and secondary palate forms from what?

A

maxillary prominences

38
Q

what are the primordial nasal sacs separated from the oral cavity by?

A

oronasal membrane

39
Q

when does the oralnasal membrane rupture?

A

end of the 6th week

40
Q

when does palatogenesis begin?

A

6th week of development

41
Q

when does palatogenesis end?

A

by 12th week

42
Q

what is considered the critical period of palatogenesis?

A

end of 6th week–> beginning of 9th week

43
Q

what is another name for the intermaxillary segment?

A

the median palatine process

44
Q

when does development of the secondary palate occur?

A

early in the 6th week

45
Q

what does the secondary palate develop from?

A

the lateral palatine processes aka the palatine shelves

46
Q

what does the lateral palatine processes/ palatine shelves arise from?

A

mesenchyme of the maxillary prominences

47
Q

what is the first step in development of the secondary palate?

A

the palatine processes will extend inferiorly on each side of the tongue

48
Q

what happens in the face that moves the tongue out of the way when the secondary palate is growing?

A

the mandible elongates, which pulls the tongue forward and down

49
Q

what is the final step of the formation of the secondary palate?

A

the palatine processes will “flip” horizontally to be above the tongue

50
Q

when is secondary palate formation complete?

A

7-8th weeks of development

51
Q

how is the hard palate formed?

A

when bone extends from the maxillae and palatine bones into the lateral palatine processes

52
Q

what indicates the line of fusion in the palate?

A

the palatine raphe

53
Q

in cases of cleft lip, what is there a lack of fusion of?

A

lack of fusion between the maxillary prominences and median nasal prominences

54
Q

in cases of cleft palate, what is there a lack of fusion between?

A

lack of fusion between either the lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum or the lateral palatine process with the median palatine process

55
Q

what is the nasal septum?

A

down growth from internal parts of merged medial nasal prominences

56
Q

when does fusion of nasal septum and the palatine process begin?

A

9th week

57
Q

when is fusion of the nasal septum and the palatine process completed?

A

by the 12th week

58
Q

what is the first indication of tongue development?

A

the median lingual swelling

59
Q

where is the median lingual swelling located?

A

in the floor of the primordial pharynx

60
Q

when does the median lingual swelling appear?

A

at the end of the 4th week

61
Q

what is located on each side of the median lingual swelling?

A

lateral lingual swellings

62
Q

all tongue buds result from what?

A

proliferation of mesenchyme in the ventromedial parts of PA1

63
Q

what happens to the lateral lingual swellings?

A

they rapidly proliferate, merge, and overgrow the median lingual swelling

64
Q

what do the merged lateral lingual swellings form?

A

the oral part, anterior 2/3 of the tongue

65
Q

when the ventromedial parts of PA2 fuse, what do they form?

A

the copula

66
Q

what do the ventromedial parts of PA3 and PA4 develop?

A

the hypopharyngeal eminence

67
Q

what happens to the hypopharyngeal eminence?

A

it overgrows the copula, forming the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

68
Q

tongue musculature is derived from what?

A

myoblasts of the occipital myotomes

69
Q

what is incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swelling/ bifed tongue?

A

glossoschissis

70
Q

what is it called when the frenulum is short and extends to the tip of the tongue?

A

ankyloglossia

Neuroendocrine- Exam 1 (11 decks)

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