Scalp and Superficial Face

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

skin, connective tissue (dense), aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium

Question 2

what nerve primarily supplies the cutaneous innervation of the face and scalp?

Answer 2

the trigeminal nerve

Question 3

which divisions of the trigeminal nerve are strictly sensory?

Answer 3

opthalmic and maxillary

Question 4

what area of skin does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

Answer 4

frontonasal prominence

Question 5

what does the opthalmic nerve split into?

Answer 5

frontal n, nasociliary n, and lacrimal nerve

Question 6

what branches off the frontal nerve?

Answer 6

supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve

Question 7

what branches off the nasociliary nerve?

Answer 7

long ciliary nerves, posterior ethmoidal nerve, anterior ethmoidal nerve, infratrochlear nerve

Question 8

what are the cutaneous nerve branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 8

supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, infratrochlear nerve

Question 9

what are the cutaneous nerve branches off the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 9

infraorbital, zygomaticofacial nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve

Question 10

what are the cutaneous branches off the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 10

mental nerve, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve

Question 11

what does the supraorbital nerve exit?

Answer 11

supraorbital foramen (notch)

Question 12

what does the supratrochlear nerve exit?

Answer 12

supratrochlear foramen

Question 13

what does the infraorbital nerve exit?

Answer 13

infraorbital foramen

Question 14

what are the scalp arteries?

Answer 14

posterior auricular, superficial temporal artery, occipital artery, supraorbital/supratrochlear artery

Question 15

How is a scalp wound classified as superficial?

Answer 15

if it is superficial to the aponeurosis

Question 16

why do superficial wounds not gape?

Answer 16

because of the strength of the aponeurosis

Question 17

why do deep scalp wounds gap when the aponeurosis is lacerated in the coronal plane?

Answer 17

because of the pull of the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle in opposite directions

Question 18

why do scalp injuries bleed profusely?

Answer 18

the connective tissue of the scalp tends to hold cut vessels open

Question 19

how can scalp infections spread into the cranium?

Answer 19

via small emissary veins

Question 20

where do the muscles of facial expression insert onto?

Answer 20

the skin- not bones

Question 21

what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 21

CN VII ( facial nerve)

Question 22

what muscles creates the look of surprise?

Answer 22

the frontalis and occipitalis muscle ( collectively known as the epicranius m)

Question 23

what are the smiling and laughing muscles?

Answer 23

zygomaticus major and minor muscles and levator anguli

Question 24

what are the kissing muscles?

Answer 24

buccinator muscle and orbicularis oris muscle

Question 25

what are the motor branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 25

posterior auricular branch, temporal branch, zygomatic branch, buccal nerve, mandibular branch, cervical branch

Question 26

what is the sensory component role of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

Answer 26

responsible for taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 27

what nerve is damaged with cases of Bell’s Palsy?

Answer 27

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 28

what are cases of bell’s palsy susceptible to?

Answer 28

cornea ulceration

Question 29

what are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

Answer 29

CN V3

Question 30

what is the general description of herpes zoster virus?

Answer 30

lesions due to reactivation of virus that can appear anywhere on the body

Question 31

Which cranial nerve and what specific division is most commonly affected by herpes zoster virus?

Answer 31

CN V- opthalmic division

Question 32

what does the facial nerve exit to enter into the parotid gland?

Answer 32

the stylomastoid foramen