Scalp and Superficial Face Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp?
skin, connective tissue (dense), aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium
what nerve primarily supplies the cutaneous innervation of the face and scalp?
the trigeminal nerve
which divisions of the trigeminal nerve are strictly sensory?
opthalmic and maxillary
what area of skin does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
frontonasal prominence
what does the opthalmic nerve split into?
frontal n, nasociliary n, and lacrimal nerve
what branches off the frontal nerve?
supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve
what branches off the nasociliary nerve?
long ciliary nerves, posterior ethmoidal nerve, anterior ethmoidal nerve, infratrochlear nerve
what are the cutaneous nerve branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, infratrochlear nerve
what are the cutaneous nerve branches off the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
infraorbital, zygomaticofacial nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve
what are the cutaneous branches off the trigeminal nerve?
mental nerve, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve
what does the supraorbital nerve exit?
supraorbital foramen (notch)
what does the supratrochlear nerve exit?
supratrochlear foramen
what does the infraorbital nerve exit?
infraorbital foramen
what are the scalp arteries?
posterior auricular, superficial temporal artery, occipital artery, supraorbital/supratrochlear artery
How is a scalp wound classified as superficial?
if it is superficial to the aponeurosis
why do superficial wounds not gape?
because of the strength of the aponeurosis
why do deep scalp wounds gap when the aponeurosis is lacerated in the coronal plane?
because of the pull of the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle in opposite directions
why do scalp injuries bleed profusely?
the connective tissue of the scalp tends to hold cut vessels open
how can scalp infections spread into the cranium?
via small emissary veins
where do the muscles of facial expression insert onto?
the skin- not bones
what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
CN VII ( facial nerve)
what muscles creates the look of surprise?
the frontalis and occipitalis muscle ( collectively known as the epicranius m)
what are the smiling and laughing muscles?
zygomaticus major and minor muscles and levator anguli
what are the kissing muscles?
buccinator muscle and orbicularis oris muscle
what are the motor branches of the facial nerve?
posterior auricular branch, temporal branch, zygomatic branch, buccal nerve, mandibular branch, cervical branch
what is the sensory component role of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
responsible for taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
what nerve is damaged with cases of Bell’s Palsy?
facial nerve (CN VII)
what are cases of bell’s palsy susceptible to?
cornea ulceration
what are the muscles of mastication innervated by?
CN V3
what is the general description of herpes zoster virus?
lesions due to reactivation of virus that can appear anywhere on the body
Which cranial nerve and what specific division is most commonly affected by herpes zoster virus?
CN V- opthalmic division
what does the facial nerve exit to enter into the parotid gland?
the stylomastoid foramen
