Triage And Tramua Flashcards
What is the definition of triage?
Means to sort, Rapidly determine the priority of need and placement of therapy
What are the 4 classifications of triage?
Class I-catastrophic: immediate therapy required
Class II-critical: therapy within minutes to less than 1 hour
Class III-serious: therapy initiated within a few hours
Class IV-pressing: therapy initiated within 24 hours
What is included in the primary survey?
Level of safety, level of consciousness, and A B C.
What are the levels of consciousness?
A = alert, oriented V = depressed; responds to voice/vision P = responds to pain only U = unresponsive
What does A B C stand for?
Airway patency (is it open?)
Breathing
Circulation (bleeding)/cardiovascular
What is included in the second survey?
A CRASH PLAN
What does A CRASH PLAN stand for?
A=Airway C=Cardiovascular R=Respiratory A= Abdomen S=Spine H= Head P= Pelvis L=Limbs A=Arteries N=Nerves
What is included in trauma preparation?
Training Team approach “Trauma drills” Protocols Equipment and supplies Constant readiness
After initial stabilization what is included in the second survey?
Meticulous PE, radiology, laboratory tests, monitoring, modify therapy
When should you start respiratory efforts and how long should they be for?
After 2 minutes loss of consciousness and respiratory efforts should be around 6 minutes
Airway obstruction is classified as what class of triage?
Class 1: catastrophic
What should you do if there is an airway obstruction?
Secure the airway by clearing the mouth/pharynx
What are some examples that you can secure the airway?
Mechanical retrieval, Heimlich, Tracheostomy.
What is pneumothorax?
Air/gas within pleura space (between the parietal and visceral pleura) of the thorax
What is the percent of chest trauma caused by pneumothorax?
47%
What are the clinical signs of of pneumothorax?
Rapid/shallow respiration, anxious expression, orthopneic, muffled heart/ lung sounds
What is the treatment of pneumothorax?
Thoracocentesis, chest tube
What can be used for chest tubes?
Commercial or red rubber feeding tubes
Where is the incision of the chest tube placement?
10th or 11th intercostal space, 3-4 spaces cranioventral
Where is the placement of the chest tube?
Tunneled through the 7th or 8th intercostal and popped through pleura
What are the connections and equipment are need for the chest tube?
Christmas tree, 3-way stopcock, wire suture and glue
Cardiac arrest is ___________ induced.
Trauma
What is cardiac arrest?
Severe respiratory dysfunction, hemorrhage and arrhythmia
What class of triage is cardiac arrest?
Class 1 catastrophic
What does EMD stand for?
Electrical mechanical association
What does PEA stand for?
Pulseless electrical activity
What is asystole?
Flatline
What do you need to do for cardiac arrest?
Resuscitation
What are the 2 types of resuscitation?
Closed-chest and open-chest.
What are the 2 types of closed-chest resuscitations and what are the differences?
Cardiac pump which squeezes the heart muscles and thoracic pump which increases internal pressure when you push on the chest cavity
How do you check for effectiveness while giving resuscitations during cardiac arrest?
MM color, pulse, direct blood pressure, ETCO2
During closed chest resuscitation how many ventilations should be given each minute?
12-20 times per minute
What position should an animal be in for closed chest resuscitation?
Lateral recumbency
In closed chest resuscitations how many over the heart compressions should be given each minute?
100-120 times per minute
