Trematodes Flashcards
What’s the class for Trematodes
Trematoda
What is the phylum for Trematodes
Platyhelminthes
How do you further divide the class Trematoda
Monogenic and digenetic
What are Trematodes considered
Flukes
What is the general shape of Trematodes
Flattened dorsoventrally
What is the shape is Trematodes
Leaves
Do Trematodes have segments
No
What are monogenetic Trematodes considered
Ectoparasites
What do monogenetic Trematodes inhabit
Fish, reptiles and amphibians
How do monogenetic Trematodes attach
Gills, fins, mouth and skin
What is a digenetic Trematodes
Parasitic mammals.
Why are digenetic Trematodes considered
Endoparasites
What do schistosomas resemble
A tongue
Describe the morphology of digenetic Trematodes
Have no body cavity like cestodes
How do digenetic Trematodes attach
By a ventral sucker called acetabulum
What do the 2 blind ceca do from the digenetic Trematodes
End of digestive tract that Empties into the host by means of fluke puke
Describe the acetabulum
Tiny spines which face backwards enabling them to attach themselves
Describe the sexual reproduction of Trematodes
They’re all hermaphroditic except for schistosomas
Describe the Trematodes life cycle
Eggs, embryonate in the environment, contact with water
What happens to Trematodes when they make contact with water
Hatches and makes the motile stage.
What are the motile stage of Trematodes
Miracidium
What do the Miracidium do when hatched
Swim to a snail
What do Miracidium develop into
Sporocyst
What is a Sporocyst
Sack containing many redia
What is inside a redia
Cercariae
Why does the Cercarial stage have
Has a tail, to allow swimming
What are the three options for cercariae once he is out of the snail
Penetrate the skin
Attach to vegetation and encyst
Penetrate a second incidental host
When the cercariae exits the snail how does it penetrate the host and cost
Swimmers itch. Duck is definitive host. does not develop further in humans.
Where does s. Mansoni normally end up
Intestine
What is an abhorrent migration
When a parasite migrates to the wrong place
What is metacercaria
When the Vegetation is ingested by definitive host
What happens when the Metacercaria is digested
Assist is digested releasing a juvenile fluke. Migrates to its preferred site and becomes an adult
What is the preferred site for most trematodes
G.I. tract
What is the one trematode that does not live in the gastrointestinal tract
Paragonimus kellicotti which lives in the lungs
Where do most schistosomes live
In the circulatory system
What is the one shistosome that doesn’t live in the circulatory system
Shistosoma mansoni which lives in GI tract
what is platynosomum fastosum
Lizard poisoning fluke
What is the first intermediate host of the platynosomum fastosum
Land snail
What is the second intermediate host of platynosomum fastosum
Lizard
Describe the organs where the lizard poisoning fluke lives
Liver, gallbladder, bile ducts
What are the symptoms of lizard poisoning fluke
Jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, death
What is an operculum
An opening
What is nanophyetus salmincola
The salmon poisoning fluke in BC. It is the smallest fluke of domesticated animals.
What is the first intermediate host of nanophyetus salmincola
Snail
What is the second intermediate host of nanophyetus salmincola
Salmon
How do you get nanophyetus salmincola
From eating uncooked salmon.
What is the largest fluke of domesticated animals
Fasciolitis magma
Where does nanophyetus salmincola live
Small intestine
What is the first intermediate host of Alaria
Snail
What is the second intermediate host of Alaria
Frog, snake, mouse
Where does alaria live
In the intestine
What is paragonimus kellicotti
Lung fluke
What is the first intermediate host of paragonimus kellicotti
Snail
What is the second intermediate host of paragonimus kellicotti
Crayfish
How is paragonimus kellicotti diagnosed
Fecal sedimentation or flotation
What is heterobilharzia Americana
Canine schistosome. Found in the Gulf states of US. Enter via the skin.
What is the intermediate host of heterobilharzia Americana
Snail
Where is heterobilharzia Americana found in the body
In the mesenteric vein of the intestine and the portal vein.
What do heterobilharzia Americana cause
Bloody diarrhea, necrosis, initiation, anorexia
What is a miricidum
A larva that is already ready and has no hatching required
How do you diagnose heterobilharzia Americana
Fecal sedimentation
