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Parasitology > Livestock Parasites > Flashcards

Livestock Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most common nematodes of the G.I. tract of ruminants

A

Haemonchus contortus in goats and sheep.

Ostertagia ostertagi in cows.

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2
Q

Describe Haemonchus contortus

A

Barberpole nematode. One of the most pathogenic nematodes of ruminants. Causes severe anemia and Edema and goats and sheep

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3
Q

Describe Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Male Calves are susceptible and adults are immune. Causes acute or chronic gastritis.

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4
Q

What happens in the acute form of Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Loss of protein, anemia, death

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5
Q

What happens in the chronic form of Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Kills HCL producing cells

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6
Q

How is haemonchus and ostertagia transmitted

A

From ingestion of infected ova

Located in abomasum and all intestines.

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7
Q

How is haemonchus and ostertagia diagnosed

A

On fecal flotation of ruminants. Shows a trichostrongyle.

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8
Q

If a trichostrongyle was recovered from a dog what would it be

A

A hookworm

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9
Q

How are haemonchus and ostertagia treated

A

With many common dewormers but it causes resistance

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10
Q

What is now the new way to prevent resistance from dewormers by nematodes.

A

Famacha method: anemia guide with pictures.
Fecal egg count: used to track parasite infestation levels, individual susceptibility and anthelmintic effectiveness. ***have to be reduced by at least 90% or considered a failure.

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11
Q

What are some other management strategies to reduce the need for deworming

A

Selective breeding for more parasite resistant sheep or goat’s by culling the most susceptible animals and introducing parasite resistant breeds.

Pasture management. Managed intensive rotational grazing with non-susceptible species such as horse, cattle, swine or poultry. Using cows to vacuum up after calves since adult females are resistant to Ostertagia.

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12
Q

What is the concept of refugia

A

Antihelminthic’s have contributed to severe drug resistance. Genetically resistant worms have become retained.

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13
Q

What is refugia

A

Worms that are genetically not as resistant to antihelminthics. Keep nonresistant ones so that they spread on the non resistant worms. Avoid deworming all animals before turning them out onto clean postures.

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14
Q

What is dictyocaulus

A

Affects cows, sheep and goats. It is a lungworm that is transmitted through the ingestion of larva.

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15
Q

How do you diagnose dictyocaulus

A

Baermann technique

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16
Q

What is thelazia

A

Eye worm that affects cows, sheep, goats and dogs.

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17
Q

What is the intermediate host for thelazia

A

Musca automnalis (face fly)

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18
Q

What are the two common Cestoda of farm animals

A

Moniezia in cows, sheep and goats.

Taenia saginata in cows.

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19
Q

What is moniezia.

A

Moniezia in cows, sheep and goats. Lives in GI tract and has various symptoms. More severe symptoms in young.

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20
Q

What is Taenia saginata

A

In muscles (larval stage) of cows. It’s the beef tapeworm of humans.

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21
Q

What are the two common Trematodes in farm animals

A

Fasciola hepatica in bo and ov

Fascioloides magna in domestic and wild ruminants

22
Q

What is fasciola hepatica

A

In Bo and ov. Lives in the bile ducts.

23
Q

Describe fascioloides magna

A

In domestic and wild ruminants

It is a giant liver fluke or Deer fluke.

24
Q

What are the common apicomplexans of the GI tract in large animals

A

Eimeria (bovine, ovine, caprine) isospora.

Cryptosporidium (bovine, ovine, caprine).

25
Q

What does eimeria cause

A

Diarrhea and dehydration

26
Q

What does cyptosporidium cause

A

Diarrhea in calves that can be severe.

Zoonosis.

27
Q

What is a flagellate of large animals

A

Tritrichomonas fetus that causes abortions

28
Q

What are the types of lice that farm animals are affected with

A

Mallophaga and Anoplura.

29
Q

List all the flies that farm animals are affected by

A 
Tabanus (horse fly)
Haematobia irritans (horn fly)
Melophagus ovinus (wingless fly)
M. Automnalis (face fly)
Hypoderma (bot fly)
Oestrus Ovis (nasal boy fly)
Cochliomyia hominivorax (screw worm)
30
Q

What does the Tabanus (horse fly) do

A

Have a painful bite. They are a nuisance.

31
Q

What does the Haematobia irritans (horn fly) do

A

Lay eggs in dehorned animals wounds.

32
Q

What does the Melophagus ovinus (wingless fly) do

A

Lives deep in wool or fleece. Feeds on blood causing anemia. Damages skin and wool and parasite infested feces cause wool staining.

33
Q

What does the M. Automnalis (face fly) do

A

Feeds on ears, saliva, mucus. Vector of pink eye and thelazia.

34
Q

What does the Hypoderma (bot fly) do

A

Burrows into the skin and pokes in and out for air.

35
Q

What does the Oestrus Ovis (nasal boy fly) do

A

Burrows into the flesh of the nose

36
Q

What does the Cochliomyia hominivorax (screw worm) do

A

Invade fresh and contaminated skin wounds like C-sections. Economically impact the United States because they attacked the livestock. Has the appearance of a screw. Reportable to state and federal authorities, it had been eradicated but importation of animals brought it back.

37
Q

Where are the sarcoptidae scabiei mites found

A

Under surface of skin in bogus and Ovis.

38
Q

Where are the psoroptidae mites found

A

On the surface of skin of cuniculi, bovis and Ovis.

39
Q

Where is the psoroptidae chorioptes mite found

A

Foot and tail mite. Located on lower part of the body.

40
Q

Where is the non sarcoptiform mite found

A

Demodex is found in hair follicles.

41
Q

What ticks are large animals affected by

A

Ixodes scapularis: deer tick
Dermacentor andersoni: Rocky Mountain wood tick
Amblyoma americanum: lone star tick
Dermacentor albipictus: winter moose tick

42
Q

What are the pig nematodes of the GI tract

A 
Ascaris suum (roundworm)
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
43
Q

Why is the pig nematode of the musculoskeletal system

A

Trichinella spiralis which is found in pig or horse muscle.

44
Q

How do you diagnose trichinella spiralis

A

Examination of muscle (often diaphragm muscle)

45
Q

Explain the zoonotic potential of trichinella spiralis

A

Undercooked meat. Also from bears, fox, seals. Cause a very painful infection due to fever and larva in body actively creating cysts.

46
Q

What is the tapeworm of the pig

A

Taenia solium

47
Q

What is Taenia solium

A

Zoonosis from undercooked pork. Forms a Metacestode in muscle. If eggs are ingested humans develop cysticercosis and become an intermediate host. This can lead to epilepsy and death

48
Q

What are the ciliate protozoans of the GI tract

A

Balantidium coli. Only ciliate to parasitize humans. Wash all fruits and vegetables with clean water to prevent it.

49
Q

What is the pig apicomplexans

A

Cystoisoapora

Cryptosporidium

50
Q

What arthropods are pigs affected by

A

Lice
Flies
Mites (sarcoptes and demodex)

51
Q

What are some generalities associated with livestock parasites

A

Parasite burdens are not evenly distributed in the herd. About 20% of animals harbor about 80% of parasites. Treatment is done for the herd and not the individual, the goal is not to eliminate but rather reduce the parasite burden. Severely affected individuals are often culled from the herd.

Parasitology (9 decks)

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