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Parasitology > Arthropods > Flashcards

Arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

How do you stop an arthropod from growing

A

Use an insect growth regulator which stops the production of chitin

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2
Q

What do arthropods cause

A

Pathology and diseases such as anemia, hypersensitivity reactions

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3
Q

Describe the pathogenic potential of arthropods

A

They are parasites that cause disease, they are intermediate host for cestodes nematodes and trematodes. they are vectors of bacteria or viruses, they produce venom or toxins and harass production animals

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4
Q

What arthropods produce venom or toxins

A

Scorpions, spiders, Ticks

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5
Q

When arthropods harass production animals what happens

A

Cause lack of eating and sleep, loss of weight and production decreases, cause fear in horses and injuries

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6
Q

Describe an arthropods ability to perforate skin

A

Hypodermis species a.k.a. the warble fly or cattle grub. Cause a severe reduction or complete loss of the value of leather

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7
Q

What is the kingdom of the arthropod

A

Animalia

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8
Q

What are the two subphyla’s for arthropods

A

Mandibulata and chelocerata

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9
Q

Describe mandibulata

A

Have jaws and chew

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10
Q

Describe the chelocerata

A

Have a pincer mouth that doesn’t grind

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11
Q

Which animals are part of the mandibulata class of arthropods

A

Crustaceans
Myriopodans: millipedes, centipedes
Insects:
Cockroaches, beetles, moths, butterflies, ants bees and wasps, true bugs, lice flies and fleas

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12
Q

What are crustaceans considered

A

Ectoparasites of fish and amphibians. Intermediate host for some Helminths.

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13
Q

Describe the anatomy of arthropods

A

Segmented body, invertebrate having an exoskeleton, jointed appendages

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14
Q

What is a crayfish and intermediate host for

A

Lungworm Paragonimus Kellicotti.

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15
Q

What is the copepod an intermediate host for

A

Cotyloda the pseudotapeworm, or diphyllo bacterium

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16
Q

What are crustaceans also the intermediate host for

A

Dracunculus insignis (the guinea worm in dogs)

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17
Q

Describe insects

A

Three-part body, three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antenna

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18
Q

Describe Cimex Lectularis (bedbug)

A

Periodic parasite of humans, rabbits, poultry and chickens. Nocturnal produce a distinctive odor from their stink gland. Eggs are laid in the cracks and crevices and emerge in 6 to 10 days to feed on blood for 2 to 5 minutes.

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19
Q

Can bedbugs infect cats or dogs

A

No

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20
Q

What do lice cause

A

Pediculosis

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21
Q

What are the two orders of lice

A

Mallophaga (chewing/biting)

Anoplura (sucking)

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22
Q

Describe the anatomy of lice in general

A

All components of insects but wingless, dorsoventrally flattened

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23
Q

Describe the anatomy of the Mallophaga lice

A

Usually smaller than unemployed. Yellow, large rounded head that is wider than the widest part of the thorax

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24
Q

Describe the anatomy of the anoplura lice

A

Larger than mellophaga, red to gray color. Smaller head that is more narrow than the widest part of the thorax.

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25
Q

What is the host for the mallophaga lice

A

Mammals and birds

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26
Q

What is the method of transmission for the Mallophaga lice

A

Animal to animal. Adults are directly transmitted or go phoresis on the fly. Other life stages are transmitted by fomites

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27
Q

What do Mallophaga lice feed on

A

Skin, debris, hair. Plus or minus blood and cause dermatitis.

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28
Q

What is the host for the Anoplura lice

A

Domestic animals: not cats OR birds.

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29
Q

How is the Anoplura lice transmitted

A

From animal to animal. Adults go directly and other stages go on fomites

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30
Q

What does the anoplura lice feed on

A

Blood and causes anemia

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31
Q

What is pediculus humanus capitis

A

Non disease carrying head lice only found on humans

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32
Q

What is pediculus humanus humanus corporis

A

Disease carrying body lice

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33
Q

What is phthirus pubis

A

Crab or pubic lice

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34
Q

What are three stages of the anopluran or mallophagian lice life cycle

A

The nit
The nymph (has 3 nymphal stages)
Adult

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35
Q

Describe the nit stage of lice development

A

Cements to hair or feather shaft. Hatches in 5-14 days

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36
Q

Describe the nymph stage of the lice life cycle

A

Has 3 nymphal stages (2-3 weeks)

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37
Q

Describe the adult stage of the lice life cycle

A

Similar in appearance to nymphal stage but larger and have functional reproductive organs that allow them to mate and lay eggs

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38
Q

What does a diptera insect have

A

Two wings

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39
Q

What do adult flies feed on

A

Blood, tears saliva and mucus.

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40
Q

What are flies considered

A

Periodic parasites

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41
Q

Where are there larva of flies laid

A

In the sub cutaneous tissues or internal organs of animals

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42
Q

Describe the female only flies that feed on blood

A

Simulium (black fly)
Culicoides (sand flies) ** host for onchocerca cervicalis in equines.
Culex (mosquito)

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43
Q

Describe the culex mosquito

A

Can cause anemia. Lay eggs in water. Transmit heartworm

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44
Q

What do other Mosquitos besides the culex transmit

A

Malaria, w. Bancrofti, trypanosoma

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45
Q

Describe the male and female flies that feed on blood

A

The glossina fly (tst tse fly) that transmits trypanosoma

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46
Q

What are the flies that feed on tears saliva and mucus

A 
Musca domestica (house fly)
Musca automnalis (face fly)
Sarcophaga (flesh fly)
47
Q

Describe the house fly

A

Made to spread pathogens. Facultative myiasis which is maggots

48
Q

Describe the face fly

A

Spread pinkeye in cattle

49
Q

Describe the flesh fly

A

Facultative myiasis. Made to spread pathogens

50
Q

What is the cuterebra species or (warbles)

A

In rodent species mostly, occasionally in cat or dog in head or neck. Adults lay eggs at entrances of rodent Burroughs

51
Q

How do cats and dogs get infected with warbles

A

Sniff rabbit holes

52
Q

Warbles are usually cutaneous but are also known for its aberrant migration sites into the

A

Cranial volt and nose

53
Q

What color is L2 of the warbles

A

White

54
Q

What color is L3of the warbles

A

Black is covered in spines

55
Q

Describe ctenocephalides canis/felis

A

High economic importance in veterinary medicine. Prolific and easy to transplant. Host to host contact or from environment

56
Q

Describe the adult flea

A

Brown, laterally flattened to allow for slithering through hairs. Piercing mouth part that acts like a siphon. Posterior leg is much bigger then the anterior pairs. Feed on blood and leave dried blood as dirt.

57
Q

Describe the first flea stage

A

Eggs. Pearly white do not stick to host and instead fall on the ground.

58
Q

Describe the larva flea stage

A

Maggot- like and covered in small hairs. Feed on flea dirt, organic debris, shell or other flea larva. Do not develop in sunlight and therefore prefer dark places such as the edge of the walls

59
Q

Describe the pupae stage of the flea

A

Cocoons found in soil, and vegetation, in carpets, under furniture, on animal bedding. Prevents the pupa from desiccating and is very sticky. Lasts months to years and the change in vibration and CO2 reactivates them

60
Q

What is the pathology from fleas

A

They are an annoyance, they cause pruritis, they cause flea allergic dermatitis, cause iron deficiency anemia and death, can transmit many pathogens

61
Q

In which animals can fleas cause iron deficiency anemia and death

A

Young animals, dogs cats goats cattle sheep

62
Q

What pathogens can fleas transmit

A

Dipylidium caninum (Cestoda), Acanthochocheilonema reconditum

63
Q

What Microorganisms can fleas transmit

A

Hemoplasma (mycoplasma), yersinia pestis (plague), francisella tularensis (tularemia)

64
Q

How do you do a diagnosis of fleas

A

Identification of adult or identification of flea dirt

65
Q

How long is the treatment or elimination of fleas

A

Minimum three months. Can be long in cases of moderate to severe infestations

66
Q

How do you eliminate fleas

A

Eliminate the fleas on the pet, eliminate existing environmental infestation, prevent subsequent reinfestation

67
Q

How do you mechanically remove fleas

A

Flea comb, vacuuming of rugs carpets bedding and couches. Clean all upholstery

68
Q

What are some flea adulticides

A

Frontline plus, advantage multi, advantix, capstar, revolution, trifexis bravecto

69
Q

What is special about TriFlex us

A

A lot of reported deaths within the hour of application

70
Q

What are some insect growth regulator’s

A

Program, Sentinel, frontline plus, advantage two, revolution

71
Q

What are the 4 to 5 developmental stages of ticks

A

Egg, larva, nymph, adult

72
Q

What are the two types of mites

A

Sarcoptiform and non sarcoptiform

73
Q

Describe sarcoptiform mites

A

Cause Severe dermatologic problems and intense pruritis. Tiny oval to round bodies

74
Q

what are the sarcoptidae form of the sarcoptiform mites

A

Burrow or tunnel in epidermis. Diagnose by skin scraping

75
Q

What is the psoroptidae form of the scarcoptiform mites

A

On the surface of the skin or in the ear canal

76
Q

Describe the sarcoptidae mites

A

Male and female’s breed on the surface of the skin. Female burrows into the skin and deposits 40 to 50 eggs then dies. 3 to 10 days after depositing, the larva emerge exit the tunnels molt into nymphs and become adults in 12 to 17 days.

77
Q

Who does the sarcoptes scabiei species affect

A

Affects pigs, humans, cats, dogs.

78
Q

Describe sarcoptes scabiei in dogs

A

Can be zoonotic, have suckers on their legs, contagious on contact. Some dogs are carriers an asymptomatic

79
Q

How do you diagnose Sarcoptes scabies in dogs

A

Deep skin scrapings

80
Q

How do you treat Sarcoptes scabies in dogs

A

Moxidectin, imidacloprid, ivermectin

81
Q

What is notoedres Cati

A

Feline mange or scabies. From direct contact

82
Q

How do you diagnose notoedres cati

A

Deep skin scraping

83
Q

How do you treat Notoedres Cati

A

Selemectin, moxidectin/imidacloprid and ivermectin 

84
Q

Where do psoroptidae mites live on the body

A

Reside on the surface of the skin or in the ear canal

85
Q

How long is the lifecycle for psoroptidae mites

A

10 to 18 days

Mites can live off the host for 2 to 3 weeks

86
Q

What is otodectes cynotis

A

The ear mite.

87
Q

Describe how otodectes cynotis is transmitted

A

Direct contact or indirect; from mites or living outside.

88
Q

What does otodectes cynotis cause

A

A very pruritic pedal pinna response

89
Q

How do you diagnose otodectes cynotis

A

Visualization and swam in mineral oil.

90
Q

What is a pedal pinna response

A

Where you touch the ear and the leg shakes

91
Q

What do otodectes cynotis look like in the ear

A

White or translucent

92
Q

What shape are non sarcoptiform mites

A

Cigar shaped

93
Q

What is Demodex

A

Many species and humans, Demodectic mange

Non-pathogenic normal fauna of skin

94
Q

How is demodex transmitted

A

Mom to baby.

95
Q

Where is demodex found

A

In hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

96
Q

What happens with demodex in young immunodeficient animals

A

Causes the demodicosis;is localized or generalized and is an Alopecic region

97
Q

how do you diagnose demodex

A

Clip fur or squeeze skin to express mites. Continue until capillary bleeding occurs. Place it on slide with mineral oil. Scrape with scalpel to see if it is generalized.

98
Q

What is trombicula

A

Chiggers (thrombiculosis)
Orange crusty dermatosis.
Difficult to diagnose because it doesn’t stay long on the animal

99
Q

What are Cheyletiella parasitovax

A

Walking dandruff visible to the naked eye. Can be zoonotic but self limiting.

100
Q

How do you diagnose cheyletiella parasitovax

A

visualization of bite marks or scotch tape

101
Q

Describe the anatomy of ticks

A

Cheilicerae (2 pincers)

Hypostome (straw) - penetrating, sucking mouthpiece. Anchors them in place.

102
Q

What do ixodid ticks have that covers all or parts of their body.

A

A chitin armor (shield)

103
Q

What do argasid ticks have

A

No chitin armor.

104
Q

Describe the pathology of a tick

A

Blood feeding activity. Saliva can be toxic and cause tick paralysis. Ticks are vectors of parasites, bacteria, viruses, rickettsia and organisms

105
Q

Which tick born diseases does the 4DX test diagnose

A

Anaplasmosis, borrelia, erlichia

106
Q

What is special about the tick lifecycle

A

Requires three hosts until it becomes an adult that can lay eggs

107
Q

What are some tick facts

A

It can feed on several different hosts and transmit limes disease. It can live 2 to 3 years without feeding but a female needs blood before fertilization and egg laying.

108
Q

How long does disease transmission require

A

24-48hr after attachment. They need to suck up and regurgitate.

109
Q

What tick prevention drugs are used on cats

A

Etofenprox, fipronil (frontline), and flumethrin

110
Q

What is approved for use in dogs

A

Advantix products, frontline, seresto(8 month collar for cats and dogs) , bravecto.

111
Q

What is the otobius megnini

A

Spinose ear tick that lives in the ear canal

112
Q

What does the Ixodes scapularis (ca, eq, human, deer) transmit

A

Lyme (borrelia burgdorferi), tularemia, babesia microti and ehrlichia (humans)

113
Q

What does the rhipicephalus sanguineus tick do

A

Invades homes and kennels and transmits ehrlichia canis.

114
Q

Which ticks are part of the ixodid (hard) tick category

A 
Dermacentor variabilis (ca, hu): dog tick that causes tick paralysis. RMSF vector. 
Dermacentor andersoni (ca, hu): Rocky Mountain wood tick. Primary RMSF vector. 
Amblyoma americanum (mammals): lone star tick. vector of tularemia and RMSF

Parasitology (9 decks)

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