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Parasitology > Host And Parasite Interactions > Flashcards

Host And Parasite Interactions Flashcards

0
Q

Some parasites are minimally pathogenic but are considered

A

Opportunistic

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1
Q

What do the majority of parasites have

A

Pathogenic potential

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2
Q

Where is cryptosporidium or pneumocystis found

A

In immunocompromise patients. There is no treatment

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3
Q

What can lesions be caused by

A

Physical factors, parasites metabolism, host a reaction

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4
Q

How can parasites cause lesions by physical factors

A 
By either attachment organelle and mouthpieces, 
by their migration in body, 
by the lumen obstruction of an organ
Tissue destruction
Necrosis by compression
Bleeding
Secondary infections
Vectors
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5
Q

What is the typical amount of acetabulum on a parasite

A

Four

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6
Q

How can migration from the digestive tract to the preferred site happen

A

Via cavities or natural paths such as blood vessels and lymphatic system. Or directly through tissues such as fasciola hepatica

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7
Q

How can lumen obstruction of an organ happen

A

From the presence of the parasite or as an inflammatory reaction from the body

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8
Q

How does Dirofilaria Immitis obstruct

A

Obstructs the right ventricle and causes proliferative lesions in the pulmonary artery

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9
Q

How does paRasitic tissue destruction occur

A

From feeding, development. Multiplying within tissue and interfering with metabolism

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10
Q

What does toxoplasma do in terms of tissue destruction

A

Goes into the fetus. Can cause abortion or attack brain a neurological tissue. If I actually born there is a risk of developing schizophrenia as a child.

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11
Q

What does ostertagia ostertagi do to cause tissue destruction

A

Causes inflammation of the stomach mucosa. Hydrochloric acid producing cells are replaced by mucus producing cells

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12
Q

How does necrosis by compression of her

A

By growing causing a compression of the surrounding tissue. Atrophy, necrosis or loss of function due to nerve compression

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13
Q

What does Echinococcus granulosis do

A

Affects the liver and lungs. After consumption of infected intermediate host

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14
Q

What does diotophyma renale do

A

The roundworm of the kidney. Causes necrosis of right kidney

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15
Q

Describe bleeding caused by fasciola hepatica

A

Can be fatal in the liver

16
Q

Describe what Ancylostoma caninum do

A

Attached to the intestinal mucosal as it feeds. So he creates an anticoagulant that continues the bleeding once detached.

17
Q

What is the effect of bleeding as a physical factor

A

Anemia

18
Q

How can parasites cause secondary infections

A

From migration. Makes holes

19
Q

How can vectors cause lesions

A

From fleas, ticks, etcHaemobartonella, Lyme disease

20
Q

How can parasites cause a reduction in growth rate

A

Through competition for food which is of importance in production animals since it reduces the food intake of host. Can also affect milk, wool, meat production

21
Q

What does moniezia expansa affect and how is it transmitted

A

Ovines and it’s from an infected mite

22
Q

How does diphyllobothrium Latum cause vitamin deficiency

A

It accumulates vitamin B 12 and it’s own tissues which is necessary for red blood cell creation and function of brain

23
Q

How does parasitic toxin production work

A

Dermacentor Andersoni secrete a toxic substance in their saliva which gradually paralyzes and causes respiratory failure

24
Q

How does trichuris trichurias toxins affect humans

A

Cause a rectal prolapse due to nerve paralysis

25
Q

Why does giardia cause a greasy stool

A

Due to interference with lypolysis

26
Q

What does trichinella do to the immune system

A

Suppresses T lymphocytes causing malfunction of macrophages

27
Q

What does entamoeba histolytica do

A

Digests intestinal tissues

28
Q

What are some host reactions to a parasite

A 
Allergy
Hypersensitivity
eosinophilia
Immune system unresponsiveness
Hyperplasia
Neoplasia
Inflammation
Granuloma
29
Q

How can thysanosoma actinoides cause hyperplasia

A

Induce biliary canal hyperplasia

30
Q

How does spirocerca lupi cause neoplasia

A

Causes osteosarcoma and fibrosarcomas in wall of esophagus

31
Q

How does shistosoma haematobium cause neoplasia

A

Causes bladder cell carcinoma

32
Q

What are annelids

A

Leaches

33
Q

What are Acanthocephalans

A

Thorny headed worms

34
Q

What are characteristics of Arthropoda

A

Segmented body, exoskeleton, jointed appendages

35
Q

What are monogenetic Trematodes mostly considered

A

Ectoparasites Of aquatic species

36
Q

What are digenetic Trematodes considered

A

Endoparasites in large GI tract. But can also be found in blood and lungs.

Parasitology (9 decks)

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