Trematodes Flashcards
Trematodes:
- definitive host for all organisms
Human (or another animal) is definitive host for all
Trematodes:
- appearance
Leaf-like and flat (Platyhelminths)
Trematodes:
- how many intermediate host generally
Two intermediate hosts for most (schistosomes have one)
Trematodes:
- diagnostic stage
Egg
Trematodes:
- what method is not effective for detection
Floatation methods
Trematodes:
- Life cycle
- eggs shed from humans into freshwater
- larvae infect snails
- larvae leaves snail and invades ??? which is ingested by man
Fasciolopsis buski:
- what type
Intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski:
- size
Giants intestinal fluke (largest Trematode human pathogen)
Fasciolopsis buski:
- where is it found
South east Asia
Fasciolopsis buski:
- what is it’s (???) intermediate host
Water plants, e.g. water chestnut or bamboo shoots
Fasciolopsis buski:
- clinical manifestation
G.I. obstruction with heavy infections, edema, malabsorption
Fasciolopsis buski:
- microscopic appearance of eggs
Very large, operculate, can’t be differentiated from eggs of fescue Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola hepatica:
- what type
Liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica:
- what is it’s (???) intermediate
Fresh water plants, e.g. watercress
Fasciola hepatica:
- clinical manifestation
Causes major destruction, fibrosis, partial obstruction bile ducts
Clonorchis sinensis:
- other name
Opisthorchis spp.
Clonorchis sinensis/ Opisthorchis spp:
- what type
Oriental or Chinese liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis:
- endemic to where
Orient (imported fish to Hawaii)
Clonorchis sinensis:
- what is it’s (???) intermediate
Freshwater fish (raw, smoked, pickled or dried)
Clonorchis sinensis:
- clinical manifestations
Pain, bile duct obstruction, jaundice, (associated with liver/gallbladder carcinoma)
Clonorchis sinensis:
- microscopic egg appearance
Operculate, flask shaped eggs found in stool (shoulders; tiny in size)
Paragonimus westermani:
- what type
Oriental lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani:
- what is it’s (???) second intermediate host
In crabs or crayfish
Paragonimus westermani:
- clinical manifestation
Chronic cough, hemoptysis (“Iron filings”), pulmonary fibrosis, resembles TB
Paragonimus westermani:
- microscopic egg appearance
Operculate eggs in sputum, often shoulders, aboperculate thickening but no knob
Schistosoma species:
- name the three species
S. japonicum
S. hematobium
S. mansoni
Schistosoma species:
- life cycle
When the larvae leave the snail, they penetrate human skin; large eggs are deposited in vessels of humans
Schistosoma species:
- clinical manifestations
Local irritation at penetration site; major symptoms dependent on fluke’s life cycle
S. japonicum:
- where is it found
South east Asia
S. japonicum:
- where does it deposit its eggs
G.I. tract
S. japonicum:
- egg appearance
Rounded, small lateral spine (no operculate)
S. hematobium:
- where is it found
Africa, middle east
S. hematobium:
- where are eggs deposited in humans
Urinary bladder (bladder cancer)
S. hematobium:
- egg appearance
Elongated, pointed terminal spine (no operculum)
S. mansoni:
- where are they found
Africa, South America, Caribbean
S. mansoni:
- where are eggs deposited in humans
G.I. tract
S. mansoni:
- egg appearance
Elongated, long pointed lateral spine (no operculum)
