Cestodes

Question 0

Cestodes can have a scolex (head) with suckers, some with hooklets (“armed”); ________ (segments) can be diagnostic for some

Answer 0

Proglottids

Question 1

Cestodes are a type of _______ (members of platyhelminth)

Answer 1

Flatworms

Question 2

An entire chain of proglottids

Answer 2

Strobila

Question 3

What portion of cestodes are passed in the stool?

Answer 3

Eggs or proglottids

Question 4

What is the most common tapeworm in the US?

Answer 4

Hymenolepis nana

Question 5

Hymenolepis nana:

- common name

Answer 5

Dwarf tapeworm

Question 6

Hymenolepis nana:

- most common in what age group of people

Answer 6

More common in children

Question 7

Hymenolepis nana:

- intermediate host

Answer 7

No intermediate host or may have arthropod intermediate (flea or beetle)

Question 8

Hymenolepis nana:

- how is it spread

Answer 8

Fecal oral route, or by ingestion of infected arthropod

Question 9

Hymenolepis nana:

- major clinical manifestation

Answer 9

Usually asymptomatic

Question 10

Hymenolepis nana:

-microscopic appearance of egg

Answer 10

Thin shelled egg in stool with hexacanth embryo, polar thickenings and filaments

Question 11

Hymenolepis nana:

- adult’s appearance

Answer 11

Small, tiny armed scolex, hooklets

Question 12

Hymenolepis diminuta:

- common name

Answer 12

Rat tapeworm

Question 13

Hymenolepis diminuta:

- intermediate host

Answer 13

Rat is definitive host, humans ingest infected arthropod (meal beetles, fleas)

Question 14

Hymenolepis diminuta:

- microscopic egg appearance

Answer 14

Eggs found in stool, hexacanth embryo with no polar filaments; eggs are larger and thicker shelled then E. nana

Question 15

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- common name

Answer 15

Broad fish tapeworm

Question 16

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- where is it found?

Answer 16

Temperate zones (even Scandinavia) found in U.S. (northern Midwest lakes)

Question 17

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- intermediate host

Answer 17

To intermediates: copepod and freshwater fish

Question 18

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- claim to fame

Answer 18

Only operculate tapeworm found in man

Question 19

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- most important clinical manifestation

Answer 19

Megaloblastic anemia (competition for B12)

Question 20

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- microscopic appearance of eggs

Answer 20

Eggs or proglottids passed in the stool; eggs are operculate, shoulders, aboperculate knob

Question 21

Diphyllobothrium latum:

- proglottid appearance

Answer 21

Proglottids are broader than long (often chain of proglottids past)

Question 22

Taenia saginata:

- common name

Answer 22

Beef tapeworm

Question 23

Taenia saginata:

- intermediate host

Answer 23

Cattle

Question 24

Taenia saginata: | - where is it found

Answer 24

Worldwide but rare in the US

Question 25

Taenia saginata: | - clinical manifestations

Answer 25

Vague GI symptoms

Question 26

Taenia saginata: | - microscopic egg appearance

Answer 26

Striated shell, hexacanth embryo (can't differentiate from T. solium)

Question 27

Taenia saginata: | - proglottid appearance

Answer 27

Proglottids are longer than wide (15 to 20 uterine branches)

Question 28

Taenia solium: | - common name

Answer 28

Pork tapeworm

Question 29

Taenia solium: | - intermediate host

Answer 29

Pig

Question 30

Taenia solium: | - what are the two types of infections

Answer 30

- Larvae infection- intestinal | - Egg ingestion Cysticercosis (very serious)

Question 31

Cysticercosis: | - cysticerci ("_______ worm"): larvae in fluid filled _______

Answer 31

Bladder

Question 32

What is the number one cause of adult onset epilepsy in endemic areas

Answer 32

Cysticercosis (cysticerci can locate in brain, eye, muscle; headaches, seizures, psychiatric disturbances can result)

Question 33

Taenia solium: | - microscopic appearance of eggs

Answer 33

Eggs can't be differentiated from T. saginata

Question 34

Taenia solium: | - proglottid appearance

Answer 34

Similar to T. saginata except 7 to 13 uterine branches

Question 35

Echinococcus granulosus: | - common name

Answer 35

Canine tapeworm

Question 36

Echinococcus granulosus: | - what disease does it cause

Answer 36

Hydatid Cyst Disease (cystic disease)

Question 37

Echinococcus granulosus: | - intermediate host

Answer 37

Sheep/sheep dogs (occur often in sheep grazing countries, including U.S.)

Question 38

Echinococcus granulosus: | - diagnosis

Answer 38

Cysts grow in liver, lungs, brain; | - aspirate fluid from the cyst; cyst will contain numerous scolices and hooklets ("hydatid sand")

Question 39

Dipylidium caninum: | - common name

Answer 39

Dog tapeworm

Question 40

Dipylidium caninum: | - how is it spread

Answer 40

Children accidentally ingested dog fleas with tapeworm (usually asymptomatic)

Question 41

Dipylidium caninum: | - egg appearance

Answer 41

Egg packets (numerous hexacanth embryo)

Question 42

Dipylidium caninum: | - proglottids appearance

Answer 42

Resemble cucumber seeds or rice grains