Blood and Tissue Parasites (part III)

Question 1

This is named after the gundi, a rodent in which it was first described

Answer 1

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 2

Toxoplasma gondii: Responsible for ____

Answer 2

toxoplasmosis

Question 3

Toxoplasma gondii: can infect a wide array of _______ hots

Answer 3

warm blooded

Question 4

Toxoplasma gondii: Incidence of ______

Answer 4

toxoplasmosis- it produces mainly asymptomatic isease

Question 5

Toxoplasma gondii: Epidemiology

Answer 5

Definitive hosts are domestic cats and their relatives. And intermediate hosts include rodents and birds

Question 6

Toxoplasma gondii: transmission

Answer 6

Cat feces; uncooked meat, meat spread (very high prevalence in France-(85% seropositivity rate)-steak tartare; Can cross the placenta

Question 7

Toxoplasma gondii: infectious forms caused by meat consumption

Answer 7

Tissue cyst

Question 8

Toxoplasma gondii: infectious forms caused by cat poop consumption

Answer 8

Oocysts

Question 9

Toxoplasma gondii: symptoms

Answer 9

most cases are asymptomatic; flu like illness; immunodeficient patients can develop CNS disease, pneumonitis, systemic disease

Question 10

Toxoplasma gondii: Routine testing for diagnosis; IFA for IgM and IgG

Answer 10

Serology

Question 11

Toxoplasma gondii: Microscopy diagnosis

Answer 11

• identify tachyzoites in some speciemens

- identify tissue cysts (contain bradyzoites)

Question 12

Toxoplasma gondii: Describe tazhyzoites-active trophozites form seen through microscope

Answer 12

• Sausage shape forms (tend to round up if phagozytized)

- Have nucleus only (no kinetoplast; no undulating membrane)

Question 13

Toxoplasma gondii: Describe bradyzoites-inactive tissue forms seen through microscope.

Answer 13

Many small, round, dot like forms found within tissue cysts; may become active trophs is cyst ruptures

Question 14

Leishmania Species: Vector borne disease ______

Answer 14

sandflies (Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus spp)

Question 15

Leishmania Species: Incidence of ____

Answer 15

leishmaniasis

Question 16

Leishmania Species: Epidemiology- two forms

Answer 16

Two forms of leishmansiasis

-Visceral leishmaniasis & Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 17

Leishmania Species: Transmission

Answer 17

By bite of sandflies

Question 18

Leishmania Species: Infectious form

Answer 18

Promastigotes

Question 19

Replication of organisms within the skin around where a sandfly has fed

Answer 19

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 20

This type of leishmaniasis causes dissemination of organisms to liver, spleen, bone marrow, Etc

Answer 20

Visceral

Question 21

Leishmania Species: Diagnosis

Answer 21

Microscopy- examination of Giemsa-stained smears of bone marrow, tissue, etc. –Will see amastigotes in macrophages and outside of host cells

Question 22

Leishmania Species: send to _____ lab for confirmation

Answer 22

CDC

Question 23

Two types of disease caused in Trypanosoma species

Answer 23

Chagas disease (in the Americas)
African sleeping sickness (in Africa)

Question 24

______ transmit chagas disease parasite

Answer 24

Triatomine beetles –Kissing bugs or Reduvild beetles

Question 25

______transmit African sleeping sickness parasites

Answer 25

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp)

Question 26

Trypanosoma species: distrubution

Answer 26

Parts of Africa, Latin America and even part of the US

Question 27

Trypanosoma species: Incidence of ______

Answer 27

Trypanosomiasis

Question 28

Trypanosoma species: Epidemiology and transmission-two forms

Answer 28

• African Sleeping sickness-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesience
• Chagas disease-American trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 29

Trypanosoma species: Infectious form

Answer 29

Trypomastigotes

Question 30

Trypanosoma species: infections they cause in African sleeping sickness

Answer 30

Chancre

Question 31

Trypanosoma species: infections they cause in chagas disease

Answer 31

chagoma, cardiomyopathy

Question 32

Trypanosoma species: symptoms in chagas disease

Answer 32

If trypomastigotes are introduced into the eye, the patient can develop Ramana’s sign

Question 33

Trypanosoma species: Diagnosis through microscopy and two forms found

Answer 33

• Examination of giemsa stained smears of blood, CSF and tissue; also histologic sections of muscle (Chagas)
• Trypomastigotes in fluids; Amastigotes in tissue cells

Question 34

Microscopic characteristic of Trypanosoma cruzi-Tryptomastigote form

Answer 34

Found in blood; has nucleus and large kinetoplast at tip of tryptomastigote; less wavy, with C or U shape

Question 35

Microscopic characterisic of Trypanosoma cruzi- Amastigote form

Answer 35

found in tissue; small, intacellular forms in macropahges or near disrupted cells. has nucleus and very small rod shaped kinetoplast

Question 36

Microscopic characteristic of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense-Tryptomastigote form

Answer 36

Found in blood, CSF, BM, or Lymph nodes. ; Has nucleus and small kinetoplast at tip; is very wavy, with S or W shape

Question 37

Three types of form found in Leishmania species during microscopy examination

Answer 37

Amastgote form (found in clinical specimens), Epimastigote (in cultures), and Trypomastigote forms (only in teh sandfly vector, not in humans)

Question 38

Microscopic characterstics of Leishmania species- Amastgote form

Answer 38

Small forms, intracellular in, has nucleus and very small rod shaped kinetoplast

Question 39

List the organisms that are vector borne disease

Answer 39

Trypanosoma species, Leishmania species, Babesia species