Blood and Tissue Parasites (part III) Flashcards
This is named after the gundi, a rodent in which it was first described
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii: Responsible for ____
toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii: can infect a wide array of _______ hots
warm blooded
Toxoplasma gondii: Incidence of ______
toxoplasmosis- it produces mainly asymptomatic isease
Toxoplasma gondii: Epidemiology
Definitive hosts are domestic cats and their relatives. And intermediate hosts include rodents and birds
Toxoplasma gondii: transmission
Cat feces; uncooked meat, meat spread (very high prevalence in France-(85% seropositivity rate)-steak tartare; Can cross the placenta
Toxoplasma gondii: infectious forms caused by meat consumption
Tissue cyst
Toxoplasma gondii: infectious forms caused by cat poop consumption
Oocysts
Toxoplasma gondii: symptoms
most cases are asymptomatic; flu like illness; immunodeficient patients can develop CNS disease, pneumonitis, systemic disease
Toxoplasma gondii: Routine testing for diagnosis; IFA for IgM and IgG
Serology
Toxoplasma gondii: Microscopy diagnosis
- identify tachyzoites in some speciemens
- identify tissue cysts (contain bradyzoites)
Toxoplasma gondii: Describe tazhyzoites-active trophozites form seen through microscope
- Sausage shape forms (tend to round up if phagozytized)
- Have nucleus only (no kinetoplast; no undulating membrane)
Toxoplasma gondii: Describe bradyzoites-inactive tissue forms seen through microscope.
Many small, round, dot like forms found within tissue cysts; may become active trophs is cyst ruptures
Leishmania Species: Vector borne disease ______
sandflies (Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus spp)
Leishmania Species: Incidence of ____
leishmaniasis
Leishmania Species: Epidemiology- two forms
Two forms of leishmansiasis
-Visceral leishmaniasis & Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania Species: Transmission
By bite of sandflies
Leishmania Species: Infectious form
Promastigotes
Replication of organisms within the skin around where a sandfly has fed
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
This type of leishmaniasis causes dissemination of organisms to liver, spleen, bone marrow, Etc
Visceral
Leishmania Species: Diagnosis
Microscopy- examination of Giemsa-stained smears of bone marrow, tissue, etc. –Will see amastigotes in macrophages and outside of host cells
Leishmania Species: send to _____ lab for confirmation
CDC
Two types of disease caused in Trypanosoma species
Chagas disease (in the Americas) African sleeping sickness (in Africa)
______ transmit chagas disease parasite
Triatomine beetles –Kissing bugs or Reduvild beetles
______transmit African sleeping sickness parasites
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp)
Trypanosoma species: distrubution
Parts of Africa, Latin America and even part of the US
Trypanosoma species: Incidence of ______
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma species: Epidemiology and transmission-two forms
- African Sleeping sickness-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesience
- Chagas disease-American trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma species: Infectious form
Trypomastigotes
Trypanosoma species: infections they cause in African sleeping sickness
Chancre
Trypanosoma species: infections they cause in chagas disease
chagoma, cardiomyopathy
Trypanosoma species: symptoms in chagas disease
If trypomastigotes are introduced into the eye, the patient can develop Ramana’s sign
Trypanosoma species: Diagnosis through microscopy and two forms found
- Examination of giemsa stained smears of blood, CSF and tissue; also histologic sections of muscle (Chagas)
- Trypomastigotes in fluids; Amastigotes in tissue cells
Microscopic characteristic of Trypanosoma cruzi-Tryptomastigote form
Found in blood; has nucleus and large kinetoplast at tip of tryptomastigote; less wavy, with C or U shape
Microscopic characterisic of Trypanosoma cruzi- Amastigote form
found in tissue; small, intacellular forms in macropahges or near disrupted cells. has nucleus and very small rod shaped kinetoplast
Microscopic characteristic of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense-Tryptomastigote form
Found in blood, CSF, BM, or Lymph nodes. ; Has nucleus and small kinetoplast at tip; is very wavy, with S or W shape
Three types of form found in Leishmania species during microscopy examination
Amastgote form (found in clinical specimens), Epimastigote (in cultures), and Trypomastigote forms (only in teh sandfly vector, not in humans)
Microscopic characterstics of Leishmania species- Amastgote form
Small forms, intracellular in, has nucleus and very small rod shaped kinetoplast
List the organisms that are vector borne disease
Trypanosoma species, Leishmania species, Babesia species
