Blood and tissue nematodes

Question 1

General Characteristic of Blood and tissue nematodes.

Answer 1

Not common in U.S.
Often from eating undercooked beef, fish, pork
Man often an accidental or intermediate host

Question 2

Common name for Trichinella spp.

Answer 2

Trichinosis

Question 3

Usually caused by ingestion of raw/undercooked Pork, bear and other meat.

Answer 3

Trichinella spp.

Question 4

Life cycle of Trichinella spp.

Answer 4

Larvae released in intestines –> encapsulate in striated muscle (active muscles, eye, diaphragm)

Question 5

Clinical Manifestations of Trichinella spp.

Answer 5

Few symptoms while intestinal phase (diarrhea, abdominal discomfort)
Triad of symptoms:
-Periorbital edema, muscle pain & tenderness, eospinophilia.

Question 6

Trichinella spp. : Diagnosis

Answer 6

Muscle biopsy (encysted larvae)

• squash prep (spiral form)
• Cross-sectioned mounts

Question 7

Is stool specimen choice of the blood and tissue nematodes?

Answer 7

NOOOOO

Question 8

Common name for Dracunculus medinensis.

Answer 8

Guiney worm

Question 9

Largest adult Nematode

Answer 9

Dracunculus medinensis

Question 10

Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis.

Answer 10

Humans ingest copepod (cyclops spp)–> female migrates to surface of arm/leg to release larvae into water–> larvae ingested by copepod

Question 11

Drancunculus medinensis: Diagnosis

Answer 11

Blister like papula on arm/leg
very painful/debilitating-while female discharge larvae
NO STOOL

Question 12

Treatment of Drancunculus medinensis

Answer 12

Winding worm around stick

secondary infection is common if breakage of worm occurs

Question 13

Prevention of Drancunculus medinensis

Answer 13

Filtration of water to remove copepods and covering water source from copepods and infected people

Question 14

This is normally found in raccoons and common in the United States.

Answer 14

Baylisascaris procyonis

Question 15

Treatment and diagnosis of Baylisascaris procyonis

Answer 15

No known treatment and diagnosis usually on autopsy

Question 16

This is very serious zoonotic in humans, esp children and very resistance so have to spray with acetone and xylene.

Answer 16

Baylisascaris procyonis

Question 17

Diagnosis of Baylisascaris procyonis infection

Answer 17

Epidemiology (exposure to raccoons??) and larvae in tissue sections . Potential biological warfare agent!!!!

Question 18

Adults living in various lymphatic or other tissues.

Answer 18

Filariae

Question 19

Microfilariae (larvae) released in _____.

Answer 19

Blood

Question 20

Common name is Bancroftian filariasis or elephantiasis.

Answer 20

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 21

What is the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayii?

Answer 21

Mosquito

Question 22

Clinical manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofti.

Answer 22

Swelling of genitalia and/or lower extremities (lymphatics)

chronic infections lead to elephantiasis

Question 23

Life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayii.

Answer 23

Adults live in lymphatics-> obstruction of lymphatics (esp. lower extremities)
Female worms release microfilariae into blood that ingested by mosquito where the parasite completes it’s life cycle.

Question 24

Diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti.

Answer 24

Microfilariae are sheathed, no nuclei at tip of tail, cephalic space

Question 25

Common name is Brugian filariasis or elephantiasis

Answer 25

Brugia malayi

Question 26

Clinical manifestation of Brugia malayii.

Answer 26

distal extremity involvement (below elbow and knee)

Question 27

Diagnosis of Brugia malayii.

Answer 27

Microfilariae are sheathed, space between last two nuclei at tip of tail, cephalic space

Question 28

Common name for Loa loa

Answer 28

African eyeworm

Question 29

What is the vector of Loa loa?

Answer 29

Fly

Question 30

Clinical manifestations of Loa loa.

Answer 30

Calabar swellings

Question 31

Life cycle of Loa loa.

Answer 31

adults migrate through subcutaneous tissue (calabar swellings and migration across eye)

Question 32

Diagnosis of Loa loa.

Answer 32

Microfilariae are sheathed, nuclei continuous to tip of tail.

Question 33

Common name of Onchocerca vulvulus

Answer 33

Onchocercosis or River blindness

Question 34

This is most common cause of blindness in Africa

Answer 34

Onchocereca vulvulus

Question 35

How is Onchocereca vulvulus transmitted?

Answer 35

By black or buffalo fly

Question 36

Clinical manifestation of Onchocereca vulvulus.

Answer 36

Tumors in subcutaneous tissues, leopard skin, nodules, blindness

Question 37

Diagnosis of Onchocereca vulvulus

Answer 37

Skin snip; microfilariae are non-sheathed, no nuclei in tip of tail

Question 38

This is transmitted by midges or blackfly and cause some rash, slight fever, non serious infections.

Answer 38

Mansonella species

Question 39

This has no microfilariae sheath but have to differentiate from Onchocerca by position of nuclei.

Answer 39

Mansonella species

Question 40

Common name of Dirofilaria immitis.

Answer 40

Dog heartworm

Question 41

Most common in Indiana and vector is mosquito.

Answer 41

Dirofilaria immitis

Question 42

____ live in chambers of dog's heart (infraction). ____ in blood.

Answer 42

Adults; microfilariae

Question 43

Flattened dorsoventrally

Answer 43

Lice

Question 44

Flattened laterally, Large hind legs for jumping, 3 pair of clawed legs, and transmit bacterial infections

Answer 44

Fleas

Question 45

Three types of louse.

Answer 45

Body, head, pubic louse

Question 46

This is Pediculus humanus, nits deposited clothing, transmitted host to host

Answer 46

Body louse

Question 47

This is Pediculus capitus, Nits found on hair, and use wood lamp to fluoresce

Answer 47

head louse

Question 48

This is Phthiris pubis, and microscopically carbs.

Answer 48

Pubic louse

Question 49

This has chitenous shield, mouth parts attached to fused body, 4 pair legs in adults (3 in larvae) and usually transmits diseases (RMSF, Lyme, Babesiosis)

Answer 49

Ticks

Question 50

No chitenous shielf, have short legs, burrows in skin and lays eggs.

Answer 50

Mites

Question 51

Causes scabies due to host to host crowded coniditons and poor hygienes

Answer 51

Mites

Question 52

Types of Arachnida.

Answer 52

Ticks, mites, spiders, and scorpions