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Mycology > Hyaline Opportunists > Flashcards

Hyaline Opportunists Flashcards

0
Q

What is the name for aseptate, hyaline fungi?

A

Mucorales, formerly Zygomycetes

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1
Q

Do healthy people get opportunistic infections?

A

NO

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2
Q

What 4 organisms are agents of mucormycoses?

A

Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia)

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3
Q

What is the most common agent of mucormycoses and is difficult to treat?

A

Rhizopus

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4
Q

Where is Mucorales commonly found?

A

in nature, soil

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5
Q

How is Mucorales commonly obtained by the body?

A

inhalation

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6
Q

In what case are you more likely to develop Mucorales?

A

Type I Diabetics (poorly controlled or in ketoacidosis)

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7
Q

What is the most common clinical presentation of Mucorales?

A

Rhinocerebral; nasal sinus infection that spreads to orbits or the brain

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8
Q

What is the second most common clinical presentation of Mucorales?

A

pulmonary and systemic infections (especially in Bone Marrow transplant patients)

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9
Q

What is commonly seen in direct examination of Mucorales aspiration or biopsy?

A

Necrotic or dead tissue, aseptate hyphae with 90* branching and broad ribbon like shape

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10
Q

What do Mucorales look like on culture plates?

A

rapid, profuse growth (lid lifters); aseptate hyphae; sporangium, sac-like structures containing conidia; may have rhizoids or root-like structures

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11
Q

Does Mucor have rhizoids?

A

NO

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12
Q

What is the most common Mucorales causing disease?

A

Rhizopus

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13
Q

Does Rhizopus have rhizoids?

A

YES, distinct rhizoids at the base of the sporangiophore; sporangia can also collapse creating umbrelllas

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14
Q

This Mucorales has delicate rhizoids at points between the sporangiophores (intermodal).

A

Lichtheimia (Absidia)

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15
Q

Where is septate, hyaline fungi often found?

A

granulocytopenia (neutropenia)

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16
Q

What is the most commonly found organism in patients with neutropenia?

A

Aspergillus

17
Q

Aspergillus found as an overgrowth in an old cavity in the lung is called what? It does not grow in living tissue (not invasive)

A

Fungus Ball

18
Q

What is the single most predictive factor of aspergillosis with a very high mortality (even with treatment)?

A

Neutropenia

19
Q

What can cause neutropenia?

A

cancer (leukemia), transplant

20
Q

When looking at a sputum or tissue biopsy, what do Aspergillus look like?

A

septate hyphae with parallel sides which usually branch at acute 45* angels and may invade into blood vessels.

21
Q

What enzyme does Aspergillus produce?

A

elastase

22
Q

Where does vascular invasion of Aspergillus take place and what causes death?

A

Especially in the lung and death due to loss of blood supply.

23
Q

What is the most common species of Aspergillus?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus (followed by A. flavus, A. niger, and A. terreus)

24
Q

What color does Aspergillus fumigatus appear?

A

blue-gray/blue-greenish colonies

25
Q

Describe the microscopic characteristics of A. fumigatus.

A

conidia cover only half of the vesicle (looks like hair standing straight up)

26
Q

Describe plate colony color of Aspergillus flavus.

A

Yellow/brown colonies

27
Q

Describe the microscopic view of A. flavus.

A

conidia cover most of the vesicle and have rough (spiny) conidiophores (spiny dots)

28
Q

What does a plate colony of Aspergillus terreus look like?

A

Cinnamon colored colonies

29
Q

Describe the microscopic view of A. terreus.

A

cover upper half of the vesicle and usually fan outward (do not have spiny dots)

30
Q

Describe the plate color appearance of Aspergillus niger.

A

colonies are black dots on white (peppered)

31
Q

Describe the colony appearance of A. niger.

A

black color, phialides cover the entire vesicle

32
Q

These colonies appear greenish or yelow on plates and have a brush like appearance with NO vesicle (look like fingerlike projections)

A

Penicillium

33
Q

This organism appears as long, tapered phialides, with oval conidia; very delicate.

A

Paecilomyces

34
Q

This organism appears as a long string of light bulb conidia.

A

Scopulariopsis

35
Q

These appear as oval conidia that group up in clusters.

A

Acremonium

36
Q

This organism appears as spiny/rough macroconidia and resemble Histoplasma capsulatum but are not pathogenic (can also appear as cigar-shaped microconidia).

A

Sepedonium

37
Q

These organisms appear as single conidia on ends or conidiophores, look like lollipops.

A

Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium boydii

38
Q

This organism is a plant pathogen, found in grains, hospitals, and potted plants.

A

Fusarium

39
Q

In what two medical conditions is Fusarium found?

A

Transplant patients (100% mortality) and keratitis (contact lens’ and solution)

40
Q

What is the typical microscopic appearance of Fusarium?

A

sickle or canoe shaped

41
Q

Describe the mortality rate in disseminated aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.

A

Breaks apart fungus ball and has a very high mortality

Mycology (24 decks)

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