Treatment of Viruses

Question 1

Influenza

Answer 1

Tamiflu-Stops replication in respiratory tract
Seasonal vaccine: trivalent
FluMist: live attenuated vaccine: cold-adapted strain

Question 2

Measles

Answer 2

No specific antiviral
Ig given within 6 days of expsoure
MMR live attenuated vaccine

Question 3

Mumps

Answer 3

MMR Vaccine

Question 4

Pneumovirus: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Answer 4

Ribrovirin: guanosine analog that inhibits guanine synthesis

Question 5

Adenovirus

Answer 5

No vaccines or antivirals

Used to have military serotype 4, 7 and 21 vaccine

Question 6

Parvovirus-B19

Answer 6

No specific therapy or vaccine

Question 7

Polio

Answer 7

OPV-three attenuated poliovirus strains-now monovalent vaccines available: oral live attenuated develop serum IgA and IgG
IPV-no recommended in developing countries but is in US. Develop IgA except in nasopharynx and duodenum
Four doses-minimum time between doses is 4 weeks

Question 8

Norwalk

Answer 8

Self-limiting, rehydration

Question 9

Hepatitis A

Answer 9

formalin-killed vaccine

Serum IgG can prevent infection

Question 10

Rotavirus

Answer 10

FDA vaccines

Question 11

Hepatitis B

Answer 11

Vaccine: HBsAG produced in yeast, recombinant subunit vaccine
Immune Globulin: prevent disease
Interferon-alpha-treatment of chronic disease
Anti-viral drugs: nucleoside analogues (adefovir, famciclovir)
Lamivudine: analogue of cytidine, inhibits reverse transcriptase

Question 12

Hepatitis C

Answer 12

No vaccine.
Interferon-alpha alone or with…
Ribavarin-nucleoside analogue inhbits nucleoside biosynthesis, mRNA capping and RNA polymerases
Also with Sofusbuvir

Question 13

Rubella

Answer 13

MMR vaccine

Question 14

Rabies

Answer 14

Treat wound, immunization with vaccine plus anti-rabies Ig-killed vaccine

Question 15

Hantavirus

Answer 15

Supportive care, anti-inflammatories

Question 16

Ebola and Marburg

Answer 16

No effective anti-viral therapy or vaccine

Question 17

Varioloa (smallpox)

Answer 17

Supportive therapy. Vaccine is live recombinant virus (vaccinia (cowpox) not variola)

Question 18

HIV

Answer 18

Fusion Inhibitors (Fuzeon): interferes with ability of fusion with cell membrane
Entry inhibitors (CCR5 blockers): Maraviroc-prevents gp120 from associating with CCR5 receptor
Integrase inhibitors
Nucleoside analogues:Chain terminators
AZT: analogue of thymidine-incorporated into viral cDNA during reverse transcriptase-lacks 3’ -OH group
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:bind to RT
Protease Inhibitors: interrupt processing of viral proteins

Question 19

HAART

Answer 19

two NRTIs with a NNRTI
A protease inhibitor
an Integrase inhibitor or CCR5 antagonist (maraviroc)

Question 20

Herpes

Answer 20

Nucleoside analogues: Acyclovir-lacks ribose or deoxyribose sugar
CMV: Ganciclovir analogue of 2 deoxy guanosine

Question 21

Varicella Zoster (Shingles)

Answer 21

Acyclovir or valacyclovir

Chicken pox live attenuated vaccine (children) or higher dose shingles live attenuated (adults >50)

Question 22

Epstein Barr

Answer 22

Supportive therapy

Question 23

Cytomegalovirus

Answer 23

Ganciclovir (Cytovene):analogue of 2-deoxy-guanosine

inhibits vrial DNA polyermase

Question 24

Pappilloma-viridae

Answer 24

HPV vaccine: empty virus
Gardasil-HPV 6,11,16,18
Cervarix only against strains 16, 18

Question 25

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Answer 25

no treatment