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Microbiology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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0
Q

Vancomycin

A

MOA: blocks cell wall synthesis
Blocks release of peptidoglycan precursor from bactoprenol & transglycosylation-no glycan chain extension
Target: bactoprenol precursor release & transglycosylation
Resistance: target site modify, innate dif terminal residue of pentapeptide than alanine

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1
Q

B-lactams

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Blocks transpeptidation reaction formation of peptidoglycan x-links
Targets: penicillin binding proteins
Resistance: inactivation by B-lactamases-mutations of PCP, access
Ex: penicillin, monobactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins

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2
Q

Bactracin

A

MOA: Blocks cell wall synthesis by blocking dephosphorylation of bactoprenol pyrophosphate and thus cycling of bactoprenol carrier
Target: phosphorylation site of bactoprenol pyrophosphate
Resistance is not common

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3
Q

Polymixin

A

MOA: alter permeability of susceptible G- bacteria by interacting with LPS and phospholipids
Target: LPS and phospholipids on G- bacteria
Resistance not common

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4
Q

Daptomycin

A

MOA: binds to cell membranes of susceptible G+ bacteria depolarizing and disrupting ion gradient
Target: cell membranes of G+ bacteria
Resistance is not common

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5
Q

Isoniazid

A

MOA: block mycolic acid synthesis
Target: mycolic acid synthesis
Resistance: due to reduced uptake and modification of target sites
Mycobacterium cell wall inhibitor

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6
Q

Collistin

A

MOA: alter permeability of membranes of susceptible G- bacteria by interacting with LPS and phospholipids
Target: LPS and phospholipids on G - bacteria
Resistance not common

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7
Q

Ethionamide

A

MOA: block mycolic acid synthesis
Target: mycolic acid synthesis
Resistance: due to reduced uptake and modification of target sites
Mycobacterium cell wall inhibitor

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8
Q

Ethambutol

A

MOA: interferes with arabinogalactan synthesis
Target: arabinogalactan synthesis
Resistance due to reduced uptake and modification of target sites
Mycobacterium cell wall inhibitor

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9
Q

Cycloserine

A

MOA: interferes with alanine synthetase and racemase
Target: inhibits alanine synthetase/racemase
Resistance use to reduced uptake and modification of target sites
Mycobacterial cell wall inhibitor

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Streptomycin kanamycin amikacin gentamicin tobramyci neomycin
Irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibit elongation
Actively transported into cells, requires oxidative phosphorylation
Target: ribosomes 30s subunit
Resistance: innate target site mutation, access- mutation in active transport, and permeability

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11
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline, minocycline
Reversible inhibition of protein synthesis-blocks tRNA
Target:ribosomes
Resistance: access decreased uptake or increase effluent pumps
Binding: production of a protein that binds tetracycline and protects

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

MOA: blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase
Target: peptidyl transferase
Resistance: chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

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13
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin
MOA: reverse inhibition of protein synthesis-blocks translocations
Target: Ribosomes
Resistance: access decreased permeability, target site modification ribosomal protein mutations, target site modification: methylation of rRNA

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14
Q

Lincosamides

A

Clindamycin, lincomycin, linezolid
MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis blocks translocation
Target: ribosomes 50s subunit
Used for vancomycin resistant G+ organisms and multidrig resistant staphylococci

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15
Q

Quinolones

A

Nalidixic, cliproflaxin, levofloaxin, ofloxacin
MOA: inhibition of DNA replication
Target: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Resistance: target site modification, mutations in DNA
Access: mutations in cell surface which decrease uptake

16
Q

Rifampicin aka rifampin

A

MOA: Inhibition of transcription
Target: DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Resistance: target site mutations in RNA polymerase

17
Q

Metronidazole

A

MOA: inhibition of DNA repair, bacterial nitro-reductase produces toxic product inhibits DNA repair mechanisms
Target: bacterial DNA and DNA repair systems
Resistance: mutations in reductases

18
Q

Trimeoprin

A

MOA-reversibly blocks steps in frolic acid synthesis
Target: frolic acid synthesis
Access: decreased permeability
Bypass or target site modification

19
Q

Sulfonamides

A

MOA: reversibly block steps in folic acid synthesis
Target: folic acid synthesis
Access: decreased permeability, bypass or target site modification

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