treatment of pyschological disorders Flashcards
psychotherapy
the treatment of psychological disorders through taling and other psychological methods
psychiatrists
medical doctors who have completed special training in the treatment of mental disorders
psychologists
among therapists, those with training in clinical or counseling psychology
psychoanalysis
a method of psychotherapy that seeks to help clients gain insight into and work through unconscious thoughts and emotions presumed to cause psychological problems
client-centered therapy
a type of therapy in which the client decides what to talk about, and when, without direction, judgment, or interpretation form the therapist
unconditional positive regard
in client-centered therapy, the therapist’s attitude that expresses caring for and acceptance of the client as a valued person
empathy
in client-centered therapy, the therapist’s attitude that expresses caring for and acceptance of the client as a valued person
empathy
in client-centered therapy, the therapist’s attempt to appreciate how the world looks from the client’s point of view
congruence
a client-centered therapy, a consistency between the way therapists feel and the way they act toward clients
Gestalt therapy
an active form of humanistic treatment that seeks to create conditions in which clients can become more unified, more self-aware, and more self-accepting
behavior therapy
treatments that use classical conditioning principles to change behavior
behavior modification
treatments that use operant conditioning methods to change bahavior
cognitive behavior therapy
learning-based treatment methods that help clients change the way they think as well as the way they behave
systematic desensitization therapy
a behavioral method for treating anxiety in which clients visualize a graduates series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed
modeling
a behavior therapy method in which desirable behaviors are demonstrated for clients
assertiveness training
a set of methods for helping clients learn to express their feelings and stand up for their rights in social situations
positive reinforcement
presenting a positive reinforcer after a desired response
token economy program
a system for improving the behavior of clients in institutions by rewarding desirable behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various rewards
extinction
The gradual disappearance of conditioned response
flooding
an exposure technique for reducing anxiety that keeps a client in a feared but harmless situation
implosive therapy
an exposure technique in which clients are helped to imagine being kept in a feared but harmless situation
aversion conditioning
a method for reducing unwanted behaviors by using classical conditioning principles to create a negative response to some stimulus
punishment
the presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasant one following some behavior
rational-emotive behavior therapy
a treatment designed to identify and change illogical, self-defeating thoughts that lead to anxiety and other symptoms of disorder
cognitive therapy
an organized problem-solving approach in which the therapist actively collaborates with clients to help then notice how certain negative thoughts precede anxiety and depression
group psychotherapy
psychotherapy involving six to twelve unrelated individuals
family therapy
a type of treatment involving two or more client from the same family
couples therapy
a form of therapy that focuses on improving communication between partners
evidence-based practice
the selection of treatment methods based mainly on empirical evidence of their effectiveness
empirically supported therapies
treatments for psychological disorders whose effectiveness has been validated by controlled experimental research
psychosurgery
surgical procedures that destroy tissue in small regions of the brain in an effort to treat psychological disorders
electroconvulsive shock therapy
a brief electric shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce severe depression that does not respond to medication treatments
antipsychotics
medication that relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other severe psychological disorders
antidepressants
medication that reduce symptoms of depression
tranquillizers
medications that reduce tension and symptoms of anxiety
