Motivation and emotion Flashcards
motivation
the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity an persistence of behavior
motive
a reason or purpose for behavior
instinct doctrine
a view that behavior is motivated by automatic, involuntary and unlearned responses
instrinctive behaviors
innate, automatic dispositions to respond in particular ways to specific stimuli
homeostasis
the tendency for physiological systems to remain stable by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change
drive reduction theory
a theory that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis
drive
a psychological state that arises from an imbalance in homeostasis and prompts action to fulfil a need
primary drives
drives that arises from basic biological needs
secondary drives
stimuli that take on the motivational properties of primary drives through learning
physiological arousal
a general level of activation reflected in several physiological systems
arousal theory
a theory that people are motivated to maintain what is an optimal level of arousal for them
incentive theory
a theory that people are pulled toward behaviors that offer positive incentives and pushed away from behaviors associated with negative incentives
intrinsic motivation
engaging in behavior simply for the feelings of pleasure, satisfaction, or sense of competence or independence it brings
extrinsic motivation
engaging in behavior in order to obtain an external reward or avoid a penalty or other undesirable consequence
hunger
the general state of wanting to eat
satiation
the satisfaction of a need such as hunger
satiety
the condition of no longer wanting to eat
obesity
a condition in which a person is severely overweight
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss
bulimia
an eating disorder that involves eating massive quantities of food, then eliminating it by self-induced vomiting or laxatives
binge eating disorder
a pattern of sudden, recurrent episodes of eating huge amounts of food, but without purging
sexual response cycle
the pattern of arousal before, during and after sexual activity
sexual arousal
physiological arousal that arises from sexual contact or erotic thoughts
sex hormones
chemicals in the blood that organize and motivate sexual behavior
estrogens
feminine hormones that circulate in the bloodstream
progestational hormones
feminine hormones that circulate in the bloodstream
androgens
masculine hormones that circulate in the bloodstream
heterosexuality
sexual desire or behavior that is focused on members of the opposite sex
homosexuality
sexual desire or behavior that is focused on members of one’s own sex
bisexuality
sexual desire or behavior that is focused on members of both sexes
achievement motivation
the degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting them, and experiences satisfaction by doing so
well-being
a cognitive judgment of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions
emotions
temporary positive or negative experiences that are felt as happening to the self, that are generated partly by interpretation of situations, and that are accompanied by learned an innate physical responses
parasympathetic nervous system
the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body
sympathetic nervous system
the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that readies the body for vigorous activity
fight-flight reaction
physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or flee a threatening situation
attribution
the process of explainingthe cause of some event
excitation transfer theory
the theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhaces emotional experience in an independent situation
