Motivation and emotion

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity an persistence of behavior

Question 2

motive

Answer 2

a reason or purpose for behavior

Question 3

instinct doctrine

Answer 3

a view that behavior is motivated by automatic, involuntary and unlearned responses

Question 4

instrinctive behaviors

Answer 4

innate, automatic dispositions to respond in particular ways to specific stimuli

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

the tendency for physiological systems to remain stable by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change

Question 6

drive reduction theory

Answer 6

a theory that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis

Question 7

drive

Answer 7

a psychological state that arises from an imbalance in homeostasis and prompts action to fulfil a need

Question 8

primary drives

Answer 8

drives that arises from basic biological needs

Question 9

secondary drives

Answer 9

stimuli that take on the motivational properties of primary drives through learning

Question 10

physiological arousal

Answer 10

a general level of activation reflected in several physiological systems

Question 11

arousal theory

Answer 11

a theory that people are motivated to maintain what is an optimal level of arousal for them

Question 12

incentive theory

Answer 12

a theory that people are pulled toward behaviors that offer positive incentives and pushed away from behaviors associated with negative incentives

Question 13

intrinsic motivation

Answer 13

engaging in behavior simply for the feelings of pleasure, satisfaction, or sense of competence or independence it brings

Question 14

extrinsic motivation

Answer 14

engaging in behavior in order to obtain an external reward or avoid a penalty or other undesirable consequence

Question 15

hunger

Answer 15

the general state of wanting to eat

Question 16

satiation

Answer 16

the satisfaction of a need such as hunger

Question 17

satiety

Answer 17

the condition of no longer wanting to eat

Question 18

obesity

Answer 18

a condition in which a person is severely overweight

Question 19

anorexia nervosa

Answer 19

an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss

Question 20

bulimia

Answer 20

an eating disorder that involves eating massive quantities of food, then eliminating it by self-induced vomiting or laxatives

Question 21

binge eating disorder

Answer 21

a pattern of sudden, recurrent episodes of eating huge amounts of food, but without purging

Question 22

sexual response cycle

Answer 22

the pattern of arousal before, during and after sexual activity

Question 23

sexual arousal

Answer 23

physiological arousal that arises from sexual contact or erotic thoughts

Question 24

sex hormones

Answer 24

chemicals in the blood that organize and motivate sexual behavior

Question 25

estrogens

Answer 25

feminine hormones that circulate in the bloodstream

Question 26

progestational hormones

Answer 26

feminine hormones that circulate in the bloodstream

Question 27

androgens

Answer 27

masculine hormones that circulate in the bloodstream

Question 28

heterosexuality

Answer 28

sexual desire or behavior that is focused on members of the opposite sex

Question 29

homosexuality

Answer 29

sexual desire or behavior that is focused on members of one’s own sex

Question 30

bisexuality

Answer 30

sexual desire or behavior that is focused on members of both sexes

Question 31

achievement motivation

Answer 31

the degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting them, and experiences satisfaction by doing so

Question 32

well-being

Answer 32

a cognitive judgment of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions

Question 33

emotions

Answer 33

temporary positive or negative experiences that are felt as happening to the self, that are generated partly by interpretation of situations, and that are accompanied by learned an innate physical responses

Question 34

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body

Question 35

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 35

the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that readies the body for vigorous activity

Question 36

fight-flight reaction

Answer 36

physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or flee a threatening situation

Question 37

attribution

Answer 37

the process of explainingthe cause of some event

Question 38

excitation transfer theory

Answer 38

the theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhaces emotional experience in an independent situation