social psychology Flashcards

1
Q

social psychology

A

the subfield of psychology that explores the effects of the social world on the behavior and mental processes of individuals and groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

social cognition

A

mental processes associated with people’s perceptions of and reactions to other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

self-concept

A

the way one thinks of oneself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

self-esteem

A

the evaluations people make about their worth as human beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social comparison

A

using other people as a basis of comparison for evaluating oneself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

reference groups

A

categories of people with whom individuals compare themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

social identity

A

the beliefs we hold about groups to which we belong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

social perception

A

the processes through which people interpret information about others, draw inferences about them, and develop mental representations of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

schemas

A

generalizations about categories of objects, places, events and people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a process in which an initial impression causes us to bring out the behavior in another that confirms the impression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

attribution

A

the process of explaining the causes of people’s behavior including our own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

a bias toward attributing the behavior or others to internal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

actor-observer effect

A

the tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to internal causes whilde attributing one’s own behavior to external causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

self-serving bias

A

the tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal characteristics while blaming one’s failures on external causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

attitude

A

a tendency toward a particular cognitive, emotional, or behavioral reaction to objects in one’s environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

a model of attitude change suggesting that people can change their attitudes through a central route or through a peripheral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

a theory that attitude change is driven by efforts to reduce tension caused by inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stereotypes

A

false assumptions that all members of some group share the same characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prejudice

A

a positive of negative attitude toward people in certain groups

20
Q

social discrimination

A

differential treatment of people in certain groups; the behavioral component of prejudice

21
Q

contact hypothesis

A

the idea that stereotypes and prejudice toward a group will diminish as contact with the group increases

22
Q

matching hypothesis

A

the notion that people are most likely to form commited relationships with those who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness

23
Q

social norms

A

learned, socially based rules that prescribe what people should of should not do in various situations

24
Q

deindividuation

A

a psychological state occuring in group members that result in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone

25
Q

conformity

A

changing one’s behavior of beliefs to match those of others, generally as a result of real or imagined group pressure

26
Q

compliance

A

adjusting one’s behavior of a direct request

27
Q

obedience

A

changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure

28
Q

aggresive behavior

A

an act that is intended to harm another person

29
Q

frustration-agression hypothesis

A

a proposition stating that frustration always lead to some form of aggresive behavior

30
Q

environmental psychology

A

the study of the effects of the physical and environmental on people’s behavior and mental processes

31
Q

prosocial behavior

A

any act that is intended to benefit another person

32
Q

altruism

A

an unselfish concern for another’s welfare

33
Q

arousal: cost-reward theory

A

a theory attributing people’s prosocial behavior to their efforts to reduce unpleasant arousal in the face of someone’s need or suffering, while also considering the costs involved

34
Q

bystander effect

A

a phenomenon in which the chances that someone will help in an emergency decrease as the number of people present increases

35
Q

empathy-altruism helping theory

A

a theory suggestig that people help others because they feel empathy toward them

36
Q

cooperation

A

any type of behavior in which people work together to attain a goal

37
Q

competition

A

any type of behavior in which individuals try to attain a goal while denying others access to that goal

38
Q

conflict

A

what occurs when a person or group believes that another person or group interferes with the attainment of a goal

39
Q

conflict

A

what occurs when a person or group believes that another person or group interferes with the attainment of a goal

40
Q

social dillemmas

A

situations in which actions that produce rewards for one individual will produce negative consequences for all if they are adopted by everyone

41
Q

prisoner’s dilemma game

A

a social dilemma scenario in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome

42
Q

social facilitation

A

a phenomenon in which the presence of others improve a person’s performance

43
Q

social interference

A

a reduction in performance due to the presence of other people

44
Q

social loafing

A

exerting less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone

45
Q

task-motivated leaders

A

leaders who provide close supervision, lead by giving directions, and generally discourage group discussion

46
Q

relationship-motivated leaders

A

leaders who provide loose supervision, ask for group members’ ideas, and are generally concerned with subordinates’ feelings

47
Q

social neuroscience

A

a specialty that focuses on the influence of social processes on biological processes and on the influence of biological processes on social psychological phenomena