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High School Psychology 2012-2013 > TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS > Flashcards

TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Flashcards

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1
Q

Withdrawal symptoms

A

Symptoms such as sweating, nausea, or shakiness that occurs when drug usage ceases.

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2
Q

Vulnerability-stress model

A

The idea that individuals who have a biological vulnerability to a particular disorder will have the disorder only if certain environmental stressors are present.

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3
Q

Unconscious

A

The part of the mind that contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which people have no awareness but that can influence people’s behavior.

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4
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

A therapist quality that is considered crucial in client-centered therapy. It involves nonjudgmental acceptance of the client.

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5
Q

Transference

A

The process by which clients relate to their psychoanalyst or therapist as they would to important figures in their past.

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6
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

A noninvasive procedure for treating severe depression that involves stimulation of the brain by means of a magnetic coil.

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7
Q

Tolerance

A

The need over time for more and more of a drug to get the same effect.

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8
Q

Therapeutic window

A

The amount of a drug that is required for an effect without toxicity.

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9
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

A serious side effect of antipsychotic drugs. It is usually a permanent condition, characterized by involuntary movements.

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10
Q

Systematic densensitization

A

A behavioral treatment that uses counterconditioning to decrease anxiety.

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11
Q

Superego

A

The moral component of the personality.

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12
Q

Stressors

A

Circumstances or events that are psychologically or physically demanding.

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13
Q

Stress

A

The experience of being threatened by taxing circumstances. It also sometimes refers to circumstances that threaten well-being, to the response people have to threatening circumstances, or to the process of evaluating and coping with threatening circumstances.

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14
Q

States

A

Temporary behaviors or feelings.

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15
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

In classical conditioning, the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response.

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16
Q

Social norms

A

Societal rules about appropriate behavior.

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17
Q

Shaping

A

In operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response.

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18
Q

Self-help groups

A

Groups that are similar to therapy groups except that they do not have a therapist.

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19
Q

Self-concept

A

According to Rogers, the most important feature of personality. The self-concept includes all the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs people have about themselves.

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20
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that slow down the nervous system.

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21
Q

Resistance

A

A client’s usually unconscious efforts to block the progress of treatment.

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22
Q

Rational-emotive therapy

A

A type of cognitive-behavioral therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that aims to identify catastrophic thinking and to change the irrational assumptions that underlie it.

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23
Q

Psychotherapy

A

The treatment of psychological problems through confidential verbal communications with a mental health professional.

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24
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Addiction based on cravings for a drug.

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25
Q

Psychodynamic model

A

The idea that psychological disorders result from maladaptive defenses against unconscious conflicts.

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26
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

Theories based on the work of Sigmund Freud. These theories emphasize unconscious motives and desires and the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.

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27
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

A technique developed by Sigmund Freud to treat mental disorders. It is also a theory of personality developed by Freud that focuses on unconscious forces, the importance of childhood experiences, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego.

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28
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Drugs that have effects on sensory experience, perception, mood, thinking, and behavior.

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29
Q

Prognosis

A

A prediction about the probable course and outcome of a disorder.

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30
Q

Posthypnotic amnesia

A

The phenomenon that occurs when a person who has been hypnotized and instructed to forget what happened during hypnosis accordingly claims not to remember what happened.

31
Q

Physical dependence

A

Addiction based on a need to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

32
Q

Person-centered theory

A

A theory, proposed by Carl Rogers, stating that the self-concept is the most important feature of personality.

33
Q

Mental hospitals

A

Medical institutions that specialize in providing treatment for psychological disorders.

34
Q

Medical model

A

way of describing and explaining psychological disorders as if they are diseases.

35
Q

Managed care

A

An arrangement for health care in which an organization, such as a health maintenance organization, acts as an intermediary between a person seeking care and a treatment provider.

36
Q

Lithium

A

A drug prescribed for treating bipolar disorders.

37
Q

Learning model of addiction

A

The idea that addiction is a way of coping with stress.

38
Q

Learning model

A

The idea that psychological disorders result from the reinforcement of abnormal behavior.

39
Q

Integrative approach

A

Therapy approaches that combine the ideas and techniques of several different schools of psychology.

40
Q

Insight therapies

A

Treatments involving complex conversations between therapists and clients. The treatments aim to help clients understand the nature of their problems and the meaning of their behavior, thoughts, and feelings.

41
Q

Insanity

A

A legal term that refers to the mental inability to take responsibility for one’s actions.

42
Q

Incongruence

A

According to Carl Rogers and other humanistic therapists, a disparity between the self-concept and reality.

43
Q

Humanistic therapies

A

Therapies aimed at helping people accept themselves and free themselves from unnecessary limitations.

44
Q

Health psychology

A

A branch of psychology that focuses on the relationship between psychosocial factors and the emergence, progression, and treatment of illness.

45
Q

Free association

A

A psychoanalytic technique that involves having the client verbalize all thoughts that come to mind.

46
Q

Flooding

A

A type of exposure therapy in which the client is exposed to a feared stimulus suddenly rather than gradually.

47
Q

Existential therapies

A

Therapies aimed at helping clients find meaning in their lives.

48
Q

Etiology

A

The cause or origin of a disorder.

49
Q

Empirically validated treatments

A

Treatments that are shown by research to be more effective for a particular problem than a placebo or no treatment.

50
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

A biomedical treatment that uses electrical shocks to treat severe depression.

51
Q

Drug therapy

A

Treatment that involves the use of medications. It is also called pharmacotherapy.

52
Q

Disease model of addiction

A

The idea that addiction is a disease that has to be medically treated.

53
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

A reference book used by psychologists and psychiatrists to diagnose psychological disorders.

54
Q

Diagnosis

A

The process of distinguishing among disorders.

55
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

The trend toward providing treatment through community-based outpatient clinics rather than inpatient hospitals.

56
Q

Couples therapy

A

A type of therapy in which a therapist helps couples identify and resolve conflicts.

57
Q

Congruence

A

According to Carl Rogers, the accurate match between self-concept and reality.

58
Q

Community mental health movement

A

A movement that advocates treating people with psychological problems in their own communities, providing outpatient treatment, and preventing psychological disorders.

59
Q

Cognitive therapies

A

Therapies aimed at identifying and changing maladaptive thinking patterns that can result in negative emotions and dysfunctional behavior.

60
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, that aims to help clients increase self-acceptance and personal growth by providing a supportive emotional environment.

61
Q

Cingulotomy

A

A surgical procedure that involves destruction of part of the frontal lobes. It is sometimes done to treat severe disorders that do not respond to other treatments.

62
Q

Biopsychosocial model of illness

A

The idea that physical illness is the result of a complicated interaction among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

63
Q

Biomedical therapies

A

Treatments that involve efforts to directly alter biological functioning through medication, electric shocks, or surgery.

64
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

A class of antianxiety drugs. They are also called tranquilizers.

65
Q

Behavior therapies

A

Treatments involving complex conversations between therapists and clients that are aimed at directly influencing maladaptive behaviors through the use of learning principles.

66
Q

Aversion therapy

A

A therapy in which a stimulus that evokes an unpleasant response is paired with a stimulus that evokes a maladaptive behavior.

67
Q

Atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

A new class of antipsychotic drugs that are effective for treating negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. They target the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine.

68
Q

Active listening

A

A feature of client-centered th erapy that involves empathetic listening, by which the therapist echoes, restates, and clarifies what the client says.

69
Q

Exposure therapies

A

Therapies that aim to eliminate anxiety responses by having clients face real or imagined versions of feared stimuli.

70
Q

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

A

A type of exposure therapy in which clients move their eyes back and forth while recalling memories that are to be desensitized.

71
Q

Incongruence

A

According to Carl Rogers and other humanistic therapists, a disparity between the self-concept and reality.

72
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

A class of antidepressant drugs that increase the level of norepinephrine and serotonin.

73
Q

Social skills training

A

A behavioral therapy that aims to enhance a client’s relationships with other people.

74
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Systematic desensitization - A behavioral treatment that uses counterconditioning to decrease anxiety.

High School Psychology 2012-2013 (20 decks)

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