MEMORY

Question 1

Acronym

Answer 1

A word made out of the first letters of several words.

Question 2

Acrostic

Answer 2

A sentence or phrase in which each word begins with a letter that acts as a memory cue.

Question 3

Echoic memory

Answer 3

Auditory sensory memory.

Question 4

Elaboration

Answer 4

A type of deep processing in which information being learned is associated with other meaningful material.

Question 5

Encoding

Answer 5

The process of putting information into memory.

Question 6

Episodic memory

Answer 6

The remembering of personal facts.

Question 7

Explicit memory

Answer 7

Conscious, intentional remembering of information.

Question 8

Flashbulb memories

Answer 8

Vivid, detailed memories of important events.

Question 9

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 9

A German psychologist (January 24, 1850 — February 26, 1909) who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve (a graph that shows how quickly learned information is forgotten over time) and the spacing effect (the phenomenon whereby humans and animals more easily remember or learn items in a list when they are studied a few times over a long period of time, rather than repeatedly in a short period). He was also the first person to describe the learning curve (a graphical representation of the changing rate of learning for a given activity or tool).

Question 10

Hierarchical classification

Answer 10

The ability to classify according to more than one level.

Question 11

Iconic memory

Answer 11

Visual sensory memory.

Question 12

Implicit memory

Answer 12

Unconscious retention of information that affects thoughts and behavior.

Question 13

Link method

Answer 13

process of associating items with one another in order to remember them.

Question 14

Long-term memory

Answer 14

A memory system that stores an unlimited amount of information permanently.

Question 15

Massed practice

Answer 15

The process of learning material over a short period; also called cramming.

Question 16

Memory

Answer 16

The capacity for storing and retrieving information.

Question 17

Method of loci

Answer 17

The process of imagining oneself physically in a familiar place in order to remember something.

Question 18

Misinformation effect

Answer 18

The tendency for recollections of events to be distorted by information given after the event occurred.

Question 19

Mnemonics

Answer 19

Strategies for improving memory.

Question 20

Motivated forgetting

Answer 20

The idea that people forget things they don’t want to remember; also called psychogenic amnesia.

Question 21

Overlearning

Answer 21

Continuing to practice material even after it is learned in order to increase retention.

Question 22

Peg word method

Answer 22

Process of remembering a rhyme that associates numbers with words and words with the items to be remembered.

Question 23

Phonemic encoding

Answer 23

A way of encoding verbal information that emphasizes how words sound.

Question 24

Priming

Answer 24

The retrieval of a particular memory by activating information associated with that memory.

Question 25

Proactive interference

Answer 25

The forgetting of new information because of previously learned information.

Question 26

Procedural memory

Answer 26

Memory of how to do things. Procedural memory is usually considered implicit.

Question 27

Recall

Answer 27

The process of remembering without any external cues

Question 28

Recognition

Answer 28

The process of identifying learned information by using external cues.

Question 29

Rehearsal

Answer 29

The process of practicing material in order to remember it.

Question 30

Relearning

Answer 30

A method for measuring forgetting and retention, which involves assessing the amount of time it takes to memorize information a second time.

Question 31

Repression

Answer 31

A defense mechanism that involves keeping unpleasant thoughts, memories, and feelings shut up in the unconscious.

Question 32

Retention

Answer 32

The proportion of learned information that is retained or remembered

Question 33

Retrieval

Answer 33

The process of getting information out of memory.

Question 34

Retrieval cues

Answer 34

Stimuli that help to get information out of memory.

Question 35

Retroactive interference

Answer 35

Forgetting of old information because of newly learned information.

Question 36

Semantic encoding

Answer 36

A way of encoding verbal information that emphasizes the meaning of words.

Question 37

Semantic memory

Answer 37

Remembering of general facts.

Question 38

Sensory memory

Answer 38

A memory system that stores incoming sensory information for an instant.

Question 39

Short-term memory

Answer 39

memory system that stores a limited amount of information for a brief period.

Question 40

Storage

Answer 40

The process of maintaining information in memory.

Question 41

Structural encoding

Answer 41

A way of encoding verbal information that emphasizes how words look.

Question 42

Working memory

Answer 42

An active memory system that holds information while it’s processed or examined.