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High School Psychology 2012-2013 > PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS > Flashcards

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Flashcards

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1
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A disorder involving anxiety about situations from which escape would be difficult or embarrassing or places where there might be no help if a panic attack occurred.

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2
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

A disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a body weight in the normal range, intense fear about gaining weight, and highly distorted body image.

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3
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

An inability to remember events that occurred after a brain injury or traumatic event.

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4
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A disorder characterized by a lack of conscience and lack of respect for other people’s rights, feelings, and needs, beginning by age fifteen.

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5
Q

Bipolar disorders

A

Disorders in which people alternate between periods of depression and mania.

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6
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

A disorder characterized by impulsive behavior and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image.

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7
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

A disorder involving binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise, or use of laxatives, diuretics, and other medications to control body weight.

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8
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive behaviors that help to prevent or relieve anxiety.

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9
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A disorder characterized by medically unexplained symptoms that affect voluntary motor functioning or sensory functioning.

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10
Q

Culture-bound disorders

A

Psychological disorders that are limited to specific cultural contexts.

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11
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs that are held strongly despite contradictory evidence.

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12
Q

Dementia

A

A condition characterized by several significant psychological deficits.

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13
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

A reference book used by psychologists and psychiatrists to diagnose psychological disorders.

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14
Q

Disorganized type

A

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by disorganized behavior, disorganized speech, and emotional flatness or inappropriateness.

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15
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

A disorder characterized by an inability to remember extensive, important personal information, usually about something traumatic or painful.

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16
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Disorders characterized by disturbances in consciousness, memory, identity, and perception.

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17
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

A disorder in which a person suddenly and unexpectedly leaves home, fails to remember the past, and becomes confused about his or her identity.

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18
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

A disorder in which a person fails to remember important personal information and has two or more identities or personality states that control behavior. It is also called multiple personality disorder.

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19
Q

Dysthymic disorder

A

A disorder involving depressed mood on a majority of days for at least two years.

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20
Q

Eating disorders

A

Disorders characterized by problematic eating patterns, extreme concerns about body weight, and inappropriate behaviors aimed at controlling body weight.

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21
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

A disorder involving persistent and excessive anxiety or worry that lasts at least six months.

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22
Q

Grandiose delusion

A

A belief centered around the idea that one is very important or famous.

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23
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory or perceptual experiences that happen without any external stimulus.

24
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

A disorder in which a person has constant fears of having a serious disease.

25
Q

Insanity

A

A legal term that refers to the mental inability to take responsibility for one’s actions.

26
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

A disorder diagnosed after at least one major depressive episode.

27
Q

Major depressive episode

A

A period of at least two weeks marked by sadness or irritability and loss of interest in activities. Other symptoms may include changed sleeping or eating patterns, low energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts about suicide.

28
Q

Mood disorders

A

Disorders characterized by marked disturbances in emotional state, which affect thinking, physical symptoms, social relationships, and behavior.

29
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

A disorder in which a person has an exaggerated sense of importance, a strong desire to be admired, and a lack of empathy.

30
Q

Panic attack

A

Panic attack - A period in which a person has uncomfortable and frightening physical and psychological symptoms, including heart palpitations, trembling, fear of dying, and a perceived loss of control.

31
Q

Panic disorder

A

A disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

32
Q

Paranoid type

A

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by marked delusions or hallucinations and relatively normal cognitive and emotional functioning.

33
Q

Persecutory delusion

A

A belief centered on the idea that one is being oppressed, pursued, or harassed.

34
Q

Personality disorders

A

Disorders characterized by stable patterns of experience and behavior that differ noticeably from patterns considered normal by a person’s culture.

35
Q

Physical dependence

A

Addiction based on a need to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

36
Q

Post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

A disorder in which a person constantly re-experiences a traumatic event, avoids stimuli associated with the trauma, and shows symptoms of increased arousal.

37
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

An inability to remember events that occurred before a brain injury or traumatic event.

38
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

A disorder characterized by social withdrawal and restricted expression of emotions.

39
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A disorder involving a loss of contact with reality and symptoms that may include some of the following: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech or behavior, emotional flatness, social withdrawal, decreased richness of speech, and lack of motivation.

40
Q

Social phobia

A

A disorder characterized by intense anxiety when exposed to certain kinds of social or performance situations.

41
Q

Somatization disorder

A

A disorder characterized by a wide variety of physical symptoms, such as pain and gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological problems. The disorder begins before age thirty and continues for many years. It is also called hysteria or Briquet’s syndrome.

42
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

Disorders characterized by real physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition, the effects of a drug, or another mental disorder.

43
Q

Specific phobia

A

A disorder in which a person feels intense anxiety when exposed to a particular object or situation.

44
Q

Substance abuse

A

According to the DSM, a maladaptive pattern of drug use that results in repeated negative consequences such as legal, social, work-related, or school-related problems.

45
Q

Undifferentiated type

A

A subtype of schizophrenia diagnosed if a patient does not meet criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic subtypes of schizophrenia.

46
Q

Catatonic type

A

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by unnatural movement patterns such as rigid, unmoving posture or continual, purposeless movements, or by unnatural speech patterns such as absence of speech or parroting of other people’s speech.

47
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A disorder characterized by medically unexplained symptoms that affect voluntary motor functioning or sensory functioning.

48
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Symptoms indicated by the presence of altered behaviors.

49
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

A disorder involving social withdrawal, low self-esteem, and extreme sensitivity to being evaluated negatively.

50
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

A disorder characterized by attention-seeking behavior and shallow emotions.

51
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

A disorder involving obsessions, compulsions, or both.

52
Q

Obsessions

A

ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that cause anxiety or distress.

53
Q

Histrionic personality

A

A personality type characterized by a desire to be the center of attention and the tendency to be self-focused, excitable, highly open to suggestion, very emotional, and dramatic.

54
Q

Etiology

A

The cause or origin of a disorder.

55
Q

Diagnosis

A

The process of distinguishing among disorders.

56
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Indicated by an absence or reduction of normal behavior.

High School Psychology 2012-2013 (20 decks)

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