MOTIVATION

Question 1

Achievement motive

Answer 1

An impulse to master challenges and reach a high standard of excellence.

Question 2

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 2

The idea that the experience of emotion happens at the same time that physiological arousal happens.

Question 3

Cognitive appraisal

Answer 3

The idea that people’s experience of emotion depends on the way they appraise or evaluate the events around them.

Question 4

Drive reduction theories of motivation

Answer 4

Ideas that suggest people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a constant physiological state.

Question 5

External locus of control

Answer 5

The tendency to believe that circumstances are not within one’s control but rather are due to luck, fate, or other people.

Question 6

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 6

The motivation to act for external rewards.

Question 7

Hierarchy of needs theory

Answer 7

The idea, proposed by Abraham Maslow, that people are motivated by needs on four levels. Maslow believed people pay attention to higher needs only when lower needs are satisfied.

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

Maintenance of a state of physiological equilibrium in the body.

Question 9

Incentive

Answer 9

An environmental stimulus that pulls people to act in a particular way.

Question 10

Internal locus of control

Answer 10

The tendency to believe that one has control over one’s circumstances.

Question 11

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 11

The motivation to act for the sake of the activity alone.

Question 12

James-Lange theory

Answer 12

The idea that people experience emotion because they perceive their bodies’ physiological responses to external events.

Question 13

Locus of control

Answer 13

Locus of control - People’s perception of whether or not they have control over circumstances in their lives.

Question 14

Motivation

Answer 14

An internal process that makes a person move toward a goal.

Question 15

Motive

Answer 15

An impulse that causes a person to act.

Question 16

Parental investment

Answer 16

The sum of resources spent in order to produce and raise offspring.

Question 17

Polygyny

Answer 17

A mating system in which a single male mates with many females.

Question 18

Pressure

Answer 18

A sense of being compelled to behave in a particular way because of expectations set by oneself or others.

Question 19

Reflex

Answer 19

An innate response to a stimulus.

Question 20

Reproductive advantage

Answer 20

The outcome of a characteristic that helps an organism mate successfully and thus pass on its genes to the next generation.

Question 21

Set point

Answer 21

A genetically influenced determinant for body weight.

Question 22

Sexual selection

Answer 22

Process in which females choose their mates based on certain characteristics that will then be passed on to their male offspring.

Question 23

Social facilitation

Answer 23

The tendency for individuals to perform better in the presence of other people.

Question 24

Theory of natural selection

Answer 24

A theory that explains the process of evolution. It states that inherited characteristics that give an organism a reproductive or survival advantage are passed on more often to future generations than other inherited characteristics.

Question 25

Two-factor theory

Answer 25

The idea that people’s experience of emotion depends on two factors: physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal. When people perceive physiological symptoms of arousal, they look for an environmental explanation of this arousal.